Language Arts Middle School Ms. Coro

 North eastern Africa, ancient Egypt; parts around the Nile river and the Mediterranean sea.  Kingdom divided between Lower (northern Egypt) and Upper (southern Egypt).

 Ruled by the Pharaoh, their king seen as living embodiment of the their gods.  Famous Pharaohs: Ramses, Seti, King Tut, Cleopatra VII, Hatshepsut.  Settlements were often around the Nile or the Mediterranean.  Capital city: Thebes.  Had a strict social class structure: the royal family/nobility at the top, political advisors, priests/priestesses, military, artisans/merchants, at the bottom are the slaves.

 The practice of worship took place in temples; often sacrifices were performed by priests/priestesses. Use incense to purify for ceremonies.  Animal sacrifices are done for certain festivals.  The introduction of Cults came after Alexander the Great’s conquest of Egypt; i.e. the Cult of Isis, the Cult of Alexander, etc.  Many stories were written in hieroglyphics, put on the walls of tombs, temples, libraries, etc. Also written on papyrus circa 3000 B.C.  Famous text includes The Book of the Dead, written as guide for mummification and outlines what happens to someone after they die.

 Image worship is the practice of worshipping or venerating religious or cult images representing divine figures; often found in ancient religions.  Modern cult image worship is found in Hinduism.  Often practiced in specific temples where they only worship the one deity.

 Osiris  Isis  Amun  Set  Ra  Anubis  Maat  Horus  Thoth  And many more!

 Egyptians believed the gods could intervene on behalf of mortals.  Pharaohs were seen as their gods in mortal form; tombs are created for the wealthy to take their items with them to the Afterlife.  The gods were believed to be around mortals in daily life; governed over nature.

 Osiris is brother/husband to Isis, father to Horus.  Shown as a mummy in pictures; was the only god to die and be resurrected.  Associated with the Afterlife, justified killing, rebirth, and vegetation.

 Isis is the wife/sister to Osiris; mother to Horus.  Name means “throne” and is often depicted with a throne on her head.  Associated with nature, music, protector of slaves, and mothers/wives.

 Son of Osiris and Isis; nephew to Set.  Often depicted with an eagle face; in some earlier stories Horus is the brother to Osiris.  Associated as the god of the sky, war, hunting, revenge and patron of Lower Egypt.

 The Pharaohs: c3Kw c3Kw  More on Pharaohs: azc azc  Hieroglyphics song: OhLQ OhLQ