Zambia Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Facts and Figures Pricila Mabande, (Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre (SIRDC))

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Contents Introduction Water and Sanitation Sector Overview 3. Water and Sanitation Sector Framework Key Public Players in the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector

Zambia Country Profile Introduction Zambia Country Profile Zambia is a land-locked sub- saharan African country It shares boundaries with 8 countries It has a total land area of 752,612 km2 It has a population of about 13.046 million people The country is divided into ten provinces and 84 districts.

Zambia Water and Sanitation country profile Introduction Zambia Water and Sanitation country profile Zambia’s water and sanitation needs are primarily addressed through the government of Zambia: National Water and Sanitation Council (NWASCO) Devolution Trust Fund (DTF) In 2008 the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) had the following statistics for Zambia against the Millenium Development Goal (MDG) number 7, target c: 60 percent of the total population is using improved water sources, 49 per cent of the total population has access to improved sanitation facilities.

Water and Sanitation Sector Overview Urban and rural access coverage for improved water supply and sanitation (WSS) has increased overally since 1990, Zambia has made important advances in regulatory and institutional reform, There is need for continued implementation of national policies and expanded financing and cost recovery strategies, Increased institutional capacity of Water Supply and Sanitation service providers, and improved financial management, will allow increases in efficiency, expanded coverage and better financial viability.

3. Water and Sanitation Sector Framework In the early 1990s the adoption of a National Water Policy in 1994 and the Water Supply and Sanitation Act in 1997. Considerable focus was placed on devolving the authority to provide WSS service from the central government to local authorities. Local authorities in urban areas created 50 commercial utilities (CUs), some of which have since merged. National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO) an independent regulator for water and sanitation was established in 1997.

4. Key Public Players Ministry of Energy and Water Development (MEWD) Water resources management Administers water rights Some financial management of WSS sector Ministry of Legal Government and Housing (MLGH) Administrative and financial management of WSS services

In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector 4. Key Public Players In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector Department of Infrastructure and Support Services (DISS) Water resources management Technical support to WSS service providers Overseas development and rehabilitation of WSS infrastructure National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO) Independent WSS service regulation Commercial Utilities (CUs)

In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector 4. Key Public Players In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector District Water, Sanitation and Health Education Committees (D-WASHE) Promoting sustainability of service through local control and oversight of WSS service which may be provided by local WASH committees or CUs Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Unit (RWSSU Works to strengthen the institutional support of rural WSS service providers

In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector 4. Key Public Players In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector African Development Bank (AfDB) Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) service delivery projects in the central province Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) Urban and peri-urban WSS Service delivery for low-cost housing areas Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Leads donor coordination in WSS group

In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector 4. Key Public Players In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector KfW (German Development Bank) Support to NWASCO and the DTF Urban WSS service delivery Rural WSS (RWSS) in the Southern Province Irish Aid Urban WSS service in the Northern Province Support to RWSS utilities and the DTF Prioritization and planning in WSS sector

In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector 4. Key Public Players In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Peri-urban water supply service delivery through community-based schemes Groundwater development via borehole drilling Linkages with public health Netherlands Development Corporation Peri-urban and rural WSS capacity building Institutional strengthening through hygiene education at catchment level and targeting gender issues

In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector 4. Key Public Players In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector The World Bank Legislative, regulatory and institutional reform related to decentralization Water resource management in Kafue Basin Support to Zambia Social Investment Fund (ZamSIF) Water and Sanitation Program, Africa Sanitation marketing and community-based water and sanitation delivery schemes in poor urban areas Support to MLGH in development of MDG roadmaps, prioritization and planning

In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector 4. Key Public Players In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) RWSS service in drought & refugee affected areas Financing District WASHE activities for improved hygiene in schools

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