Matter and Energy Section 1.4 States of Matter

I. States of Matter The four familiar states of matter are solid, liquid, gas and plasma. The four familiar states of matter are solid, liquid, gas and plasma. When a substance changes from one state to another, the molecules in the substance do not change. When a substance changes from one state to another, the molecules in the substance do not change. However the arrangement of molecules does change giving each state of matter its own characteristics. However the arrangement of molecules does change giving each state of matter its own characteristics.

A. Solid 1.Has a definite volume and a definite shape. 2.Particles are close together and form a regular pattern. 3.Particles vibrate in place.

4. Particles of a solid solid Sketch this diagram.

B. Liquid 1.Has a definite volume, but indefinite shape. 2.Usually takes the shape of the container it is in. 3.Particles move by sliding past each other.

4. Particles of a liquid liquidsolid liquid Sketch this diagram.

C. Gas 1.Has indefinite volume and indefinite shape. 2.Particles not close together and move quickly from one place to another.

3. Particles of a Gas Sketch this diagram.

Gas Behavior Gas molecules are always in motion, continually hitting each other and applying pressure to the sides of any container they are in. Gas molecules are always in motion, continually hitting each other and applying pressure to the sides of any container they are in. As in a bicycle tire, the more molecules are put in, the harder the outside of the tire becomes. As in a bicycle tire, the more molecules are put in, the harder the outside of the tire becomes. The speed at which gas molecules move depends on the temperature: higher temperature molecules move faster. The speed at which gas molecules move depends on the temperature: higher temperature molecules move faster.

Review: Solid, Liquid, and Gas particles

D. Plasma 1.Plasma is actually the most common form of matter – 99% of all visible matter in the universe. In a plasma, a significant number of electrons have such high energy levels that no nucleus can hold them. In a plasma, a significant number of electrons have such high energy levels that no nucleus can hold them.

2. Earth Plasma examples

3. Plasma in the universe Orion Nebula Horsehead nebula Plasma in the Sun

If the temperature of the gas stays the same, decreasing its volume increases the pressure of the gas. If the temperature of the gas stays the same, decreasing its volume increases the pressure of the gas. e&mod=11## e&mod=11## e&mod=11## e&mod=11## TemperatureVolumePressure Stays the sameDecreasesIncreases

If the volume stays the same, increasing the temperature increases the pressure. If the volume stays the same, increasing the temperature increases the pressure. e&mod=11## e&mod=11## e&mod=11## e&mod=11## TemperatureVolumePressure IncreasesStays the sameIncreases

If the pressure of the gas stays the same, increasing the temperature of the gas also increases the volume. If the pressure of the gas stays the same, increasing the temperature of the gas also increases the volume. e&mod=11## e&mod=11## e&mod=11## e&mod=11## TemperatureVolumePressure Increases Stays the same

Gas Behavior Review TemperatureVolumePressure Stays the sameIncreasesDecreases IncreasesStays the sameIncreases Stays the same Copy this chart into your lab book.

Which two characteristics determine the state of matter? The arrangement and the motion of particles

Which state of matter has particles that are farthest apart? Gas

Which state of matter has particles that are generally close together? Solid

Which state of matter has particles that can slide past each other but cannot move freely in any direction? Liquid

What happens to the volume of a gas if the temperature stays the same and the pressure on the gas increases? It decreases

What happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume stays the same and the temperature increases? Itincreases

What happens to the volume of a gas if the pressure stays the same and the temperature increases? Itincreases