CLASSIFICATION AIM: How are living things classified?

CLASSIFICATION is... The process of grouping things based on their similarities

TAXONOMY is… THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE NAMING SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY C. LINNAEUS GENUS species (always in LATIN)THE FIRST PART OF ITS NAME IS ITS GENUS AND THE SECOND PART IS ITS species (always in LATIN)

GENUS species GENUS species IS THE FIRST PART OF A SCIENTIFIC NAME (first letter is Capitalized) IS THE SECOND PART OF A SCIENTIFIC NAME (not capitalized)

SCIENTIFIC NAMES What organism has the scientific name Canis familiaris? Hint: Remember that Canis lupus is a wolf.

SCIENTIFIC NAMES If you guessed a dog, you are right!

Acer rubrum is the scientific name for a Red Maple.

SCIENTIFIC NAMES Can you guess what kind of organism has the scientific name Acer saccharinum?

SCIENTIFIC NAMES And the answer is... A sugar maple!

How do scientists organize ALL of the living things on Earth?

THE SIX KINGDOMS ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA PROTISTS FUNGI PLANTS ANIMALS

What’s the difference? KINGDOM is the largest and most general group. So then species is…? SPECIES is the smallest and most specific group.

CLASSIFICATION All living things are classified into seven major groups: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family ` Genus Species

How am I going to remember that? A pneumonic device to remember the levels of classification: “Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools.”

Two Kingdoms of Bacteria EUBACTERIA -- The “common” bacteria, needs oxygen to live ARCHAEBACTERIA – bacteria that live in harsh environments without oxygen

KINGDOM: ARCHAEBACTERIA

Autotrophic or heterotrophic Unicellular (made up of ONE cell) Prokaryotes (DO NOT have a nucleus)

WHAT IS A PROKARYOTE? AN ORGANISM THAT DOES NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS

KINGDOM: EUBACTERIA “TRUE BACTERIA” UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES SOME AUTOTROPHS AND SOME HETEROTROPHS

KINGDOM: PROTISTA UNICELLULAR EUKARYOTES Live in MOIST surroundings (ranging from muddy puddles to ocean waters)

SOME ARE AUTO- AND SOME ARE HETERO- TROPHIC SOME FORM CHAINS OR COLONIES THE “JUNK DRAWER” kingdom

WHAT IS A EUKARYOTE? A Eukaryote is an organism with a NUCLEUS.

A QUICK QUIZ... NAME THE THREE KINGDOMS THAT CONTAIN ONLY UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS 1. ARCHAEBACTERIA 2. EUBACTERIA 3. PROTIST

QUIZ cont.... WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARCHAEBACTERIA AND EUBACTERIA? ARCHAEBACTERIA -- live WITHOUT Oxygen EUBACTERIA -- needs Oxygen to survive.

QUIZ cont.... WHAT MAKES PROTISTS DIFFERENT FROM BACTERIA? PROTISTS HAVE A NUCLEUS and BACTERIA DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS.

QUIZ cont.... WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A CELL THAT DOES NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS?

Answer: PROKARYOTE

A quick question... WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A CELL THAT HAS A NUCLEUS?

NOW, ON TO THE LAST THREE KINGDOMS 1. FUNGI 2. PLANT 3. ANIMAL

KINGDOM: FUNGI EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHIC (absorb their food)

KINGDOM: FUNGI

KINGDOM: PLANT MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTIC AUTOTROPHIC

KINGDOM: ANIMAL Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes

KINGDOM: ANIMAL

KINGDOM: ANIMAL INVERTEBRATES

KINGDOM: ANIMAL

Now let’s do a little bit of review!

Question WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF KINGDOMS INTO WHICH ALL ORGANISMS ARE GROUPED? A) 2 B) 3 C) 6 D) 8

Answer

Six Kingdoms? 1 -- Archaebacteria 2 -- Eubacteria 3 -- Protista 4 -- Fungi 5 -- Plant 6 -- Animal

Question on the test! NAME THE TWO KINGDOMS THAT CONTAIN ONLY HETEROTROPHS.

Answer ONLY HETEROTROPHS ARE FOUND IN THE KINGDOMS: FUNGI ANIMAL

Review Question WHICH KINGDOMS CONTAIN ONLY UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS?

Answers 1.ARCHAEBACTERIA 2. EUBACTERIA 3. PROTISTA