The End of the War The Treaty of Versailles Ms. Campbell Socials 11

US Entry into WW1 After Germany announced a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare Americans became quite concerned as now their ships were targets The US also learned in the Zimmerman Telegram that Germany promised to support Mexico if it attacked the United States

US Entry into WW1 Three main steps led to US entry into the war The US Enters WW1 – April 2, The Zimmerman Telegram 2 - Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 1 - The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Eastern Front – Russia In March 1917 Czar Nicholas was forced to abdicate (give up authority) – The Provisional Government was formed – In October, Socialist Revolutionaries called the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government and promised “Peace and Bread” – The Bolsheviks began negotiating with the Triple Alliance to end the war

The Hundred Days Russia – under the Bolsheviks – signed The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to end involvement in the war – Now Germany was able to focus all its attention on winning on the Western Front – By the summer of 1918 the front line was only 75 kilometers from Paris

The Hundred Days The final Allied offensive – August 8 to November 11, 1918 – was called The Hundred Days An armistice was signed in a railway car in France on November 11, 1918

The Paris Peace Conference In 1919 the leaders of the Allies and other countries that won the war met at the Paris Peace Conferences to create a peace agreement – Conference lasted six months – New borders were defined – More than thirty countries attended – Germany was not allowed to participate – Russia was not invited

The Paris Peace Conference American President Woodrow Wilson proposed a plan called the Fourteen Points – Points 1-5 discussed Internationalism A vision of how countries should work together – Points 6-8 discussed German conquered lands – Points 9-14 discussed desires of Central and Eastern European countries

The Treaty of Versailles One of the main treaties was called The Treaty of Versailles – It was the terms of peace between Germany and the Allies French leader Georges Clemenceau focused on realism and wanted Germany dealt with strictly Woodrow Wilson focused on idealism and was concerned Germany might want revenge

The Treaty of Versailles Reparations were a key component of the Treaty of Versailles The treaty focused on two other key issues: War Guilt ClauseSelf Determination Germany would accept sole responsibility for causing the war Ethnic groups would vote on which country to be governed by – or if they wanted an independent homeland

The Effects of the Treaty of Versailles Because Canada had contributed so much to the war, Prime Minister Borden demanded that Canada have its own seat at the conference Canada also got an independent signature on the Treaty of Versailles Why would these steps be significant?

The Effect of the War on Canada Read page 55 (“Did the war have a positive or negative effect on Canada?”) and fill in the blanks on your notes sheet

Map Work Compare the maps on page 28 and 54 Identify each country Describe the changes in national borders List the new countries

Map Work