Do Now  What is energy?  Where do we get our energy from?

Objectives  To define energy.  To list the different types of energy.  To explain the laws of thermodynamics.  To understand the general idea of photosynthesis and respiration.

Cellular Energy!! Chapter 8

8.1: What is energy?!  Energy-  The ability to do work  Thermodynamics-   is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.

Types of Energy ATP

Types of Energy  Potential- stored energy, or energy of position.  Kinetic- motion  Chemical- energy found in bonds ( released when bonds are broken)

  First law —energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.   Ex. Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy Laws of Thermodynamics

  Second law —energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.   Ex. Energy Lost as Heat Laws of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics  Entropy  Measure of disorder (randomness)  Measure of unusable energy  Entropy always ___________.

Review of Reactions…  Endothermic- uses energy to make bonds  H + H H 2 Energy put in  Exothermic- breaks bonds and releases energy  H 2 H + H Energy Released

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs   Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. § §-Ex.   Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy.  Ex.

Metabolism  Metabolism:  All chemical reactions in a cell  Two types of Metabolic Pathways:  Catabolic: Release energy by breaking down larger molecules  Anabolic: Use energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones

Think- Pair - Share  Of the following examples, list which ones are catabolic and anabolic  1. Amino acids becoming polypeptide chain  2. Glucose becoming glycogen  3. Your body breaking down food  4. Fatty Acids becoming triglycerides

Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)  Structure:  Adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)  Function:   bond breaks between the second and third phosphate groups to release energy   Creating adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.

Processes involving Energy…   Cellular respiration —organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell § §-type of process:   Photosynthesis —light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell § §-Type of Process: