How organisms obtain their energy Cellular Energy How organisms obtain their energy

Transformation of energy What is energy? The ability to do work Thermodynamics The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT Energy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical Energy can be changed from one form to another Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT

Laws of Thermodynamics First Law Law of Conservation of energy- Energy can not be created or destroyed. It will only be converted from one form to another Example: Stored energy in food in converted to chemical energy when you eat and mechanical energy when you kick a ball

Law of thermodynamics Second Law Entropy increases Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy Energy that is lost is generally converted to thermal (Heat) energy Entropy is the measure of disorder, or unusable energy, in a system

Autotrophs Plants and some other types of organisms that contain chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food.

Autotrophs Autotrophs include organisms that make their own food Autotrophs can use the sun’s energy directly Euglena

Heterotrophs Heterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own food Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energy

ATP – Cellular Energy Adenosine Triphosphate Contains two, high-energy phosphate bonds Also contains the nitrogen base adenine & a ribose sugar

One phosphate bond has been removed ADP Adenosine Diphosphate ATP releases energy, a free phosphate, & ADP when cells take energy from ATP One phosphate bond has been removed

Sugar in ADP & ATP Called ribose Pentose sugar Also found on RNA

Importance of ATP Principal Compound Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms

Releasing Energy From ATP ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells ATP provides all of the energy for cell activities The high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energy The process of releasing ATP’s energy & reforming the molecule is called phosphorylation

Releasing Energy From ATP Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP Loose Gain

Cells Using Biochemical Energy Cells Use ATP For: Active transport Movement Photosynthesis Protein Synthesis Cellular respiration All other cellular reactions

More on ATP Cells Have Enough ATP To Last For A Few Seconds ATP must constantly be made ATP Transfers Energy Very Well ATP Is NOT Good At Energy Storage