States of Consciousness

Consciousness Preconscious or Subconscious Unconscious Non-conscious – basic biological functions Altered States of Consciousness – a person’s sense of self or sense of the world changes. - Sleep, Drugs, Meditation, Hypnosis

William James “Stream of Consciousness”

Sigmund Freud’s View of Consciousness

Carl Jung’s View of Consciousness

Stages of Sleep

 Stage One –Pulse slows –Muscles relax –10 minutes  Stage Two –Irregular brain waves –Eyes roll slowly –20 minutes

 Stage Three –Large amplitude waves –Moving into deep sleep  Stage Four –Deepest sleep –Important for psychological and physical well being  Stage One through Four – 75% of sleep

 REM sleep –Pulse irregular –Breathing irregular –Legs and arms paralyzed –15 to 45 minutes –Learning and memory consolidate

Importance of Sleep  1/3 of life is spent sleeping  Internal biological clocks –Circadian rhythm –24.18 hours  Environment and 24 hour day control sleep cycles  Reasons for sleep –Restoration –Adaptive function –Hibernation – conserve energy –Clearing of the mind (dreams)

To Sleep, To Dream Dream Interpretation

Dream Theories Sigmund Freud –“wish fulfillment” –Protector of sleep –Manifest VS Latent Content Carl Jung –Personal interpretation –Equilibrium –Manifest amplification

Dream Theories Fritz Perls –Gestalt therapy Gayle Delaney –Dream interview Francis Crick –Trash-can theory

Ann Faraday –Tripartite System –Existential examination Rosalind Cartwright –Adaptive role