Chapter 1 The Field of Psychology WHAT DO PSYCHOLOGISTS SAY TO EACH OTHER WHEN THEY MEET? You're fine, how am I?

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1 The Field of Psychology WHAT DO PSYCHOLOGISTS SAY TO EACH OTHER WHEN THEY MEET? You're fine, how am I?

What is Psychology? The scientific study of mental processes and behavior

Charles Darwin Used animal studies to help us understand humans

Nature vs Debate Nature vs Nurture Debate

Introspection- Wundt developed the term Introspection- looking into yourself and telling what is there (e.g. feelings).

Present Day Psychology Eclectic: the process of developing one’s own system by borrowing from other systems Careers in Psychology: counseling, school, environmental (environment and people), business, developmental, industrial (working conditions), engineering (systems and efficiency), experimental (research), teaching. Psychiatry vs. Psychology : Difference?

6 major approaches to the study of present-day psychology BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL Examining behavior in terms of physical changes that take place in the body Brain Chemicals, Physiology. Charles Darwin BEHAVIORAL Past associations and the environment are strongest influences on behavior Learned habits, reinforcement and consequences B.F. Skinner/John Watson PSYCHOANALYTIC Behavior is controlled by impulses below the surface of consciousness Sex, aggression, conflict, guilt, unconscious, Sigmund Freud HUMANISTIC Environment and human nature work together to mold behavior Inner world, self, personal growth, internal strength, patient understanding, positive. Maslow, Rogers COGNITIVE Behavior is a product of internal thought processes Thinking, logical plans Jean Piaget SOCIOCULTURAL Behavior strongly influenced by rules and expectations of specific social groups Cultural Influence Social Pressures

Psychosexual Development Oral-feeding, sensing Anal-toilet training Phallic-girls envy boys, guilt over fantasies develop Latency- interlude for other learning Genital-lasts throughout lifetime