Chapter 13- Exploring the Oceans By Samantha Pereira

Chapter Summary In this chapter, you will learn about Earth’s oceans, the ocean floor, life in the ocean, resources from the ocean, and ocean pollution. In this chapter, you will learn about Earth’s oceans, the ocean floor, life in the ocean, resources from the ocean, and ocean pollution.

Lesson 1-Earth’s Oceans

Lesson 1 Vocabulary Salinity- a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid Salinity- a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid Water cycle- the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean Water cycle- the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean

Lesson Summary The global ocean is divided into four main oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Artic Ocean. The global ocean is divided into four main oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Artic Ocean. The four oceans as we know them today formed within the last 300 million years. The four oceans as we know them today formed within the last 300 million years.

Lesson 2- The Ocean Floor

Lesson 2 Vocabulary Continental shelf- the gently sloping section of the continental margin Continental shelf- the gently sloping section of the continental margin Continental slope- the steeply inclined section of the continental margin Continental slope- the steeply inclined section of the continental margin Continental rise- the gently sloping section of the continental margin Continental rise- the gently sloping section of the continental margin Abyssal plain- a large, flat, almost level area of the deep-ocean basin Abyssal plain- a large, flat, almost level area of the deep-ocean basin Mid-ocean ridge- a long, undersea mountain chain Mid-ocean ridge- a long, undersea mountain chain Rift valley- a long, narrow valley Rift valley- a long, narrow valley seamount- a submerged mountain seamount- a submerged mountain Ocean trench- a steep, long depression in the deep-sea floor Ocean trench- a steep, long depression in the deep-sea floor

Lesson Summary Scientists study the ocean floor from the surface using sonar and satellites. Scientists study the ocean floor from the surface using sonar and satellites. The ocean floor is divided into two regions-continental margin and deep- ocean basin. The ocean floor is divided into two regions-continental margin and deep- ocean basin.

Lesson 3- Life in the Ocean

Lesson 3 Vocabulary Plankton- the mass of mostly microscopic organisms Plankton- the mass of mostly microscopic organisms Nekton- all organisms that swim actively in open water Nekton- all organisms that swim actively in open water Benthos- the organisms that live at the bottom of the ocean Benthos- the organisms that live at the bottom of the ocean Benthic environment- the region near the bottom of a pond Benthic environment- the region near the bottom of a pond Pelagic environment- in the ocean, near the surface or middle depths Pelagic environment- in the ocean, near the surface or middle depths

Lesson Summary Three main groups of marine life are plankton, nekton, and benthos. Three main groups of marine life are plankton, nekton, and benthos. Two main ocean environments are the benthic and pelagic environment. Two main ocean environments are the benthic and pelagic environment.

Lesson 4- Resources from the Ocean

Lesson 4 Vocabulary Desalination- a process of removing salt from ocean water Desalination- a process of removing salt from ocean water

Lesson Summary Humans depend on the ocean for living and nonliving resources. Humans depend on the ocean for living and nonliving resources. Fish and other marine life are being raised in ocean farms to help feed growing human populations. Fish and other marine life are being raised in ocean farms to help feed growing human populations.

Lesson 5- Ocean Pollution

Lesson 5 Vocabulary Nonpoint-source pollution- pollution that comes from many sources rather from a single, specific site Nonpoint-source pollution- pollution that comes from many sources rather from a single, specific site Point-source pollution- pollution that comes from a specific site Point-source pollution- pollution that comes from a specific site

Lesson Summary Two main types of ocean pollution are nonpoint-source pollution and point- source pollution. Two main types of ocean pollution are nonpoint-source pollution and point- source pollution. Types of nonpoint- source pollution include oil and gasoline from cars, trucks and watercraft. Types of nonpoint- source pollution include oil and gasoline from cars, trucks and watercraft.

Sources Science textbook Science textbook