AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation

America after the Revolution Nationalism Growth of Nationalism. Defined. Pride in or devotion to one’s country Pride in or devotion to one’s country. Unlike other revolutions, nationalism develops during the conflict with Britain, but not before it. Common sacrifices, experiences, and battles Common sacrifices, experiences, and battles help to solidify America. The Spirit of ‘76

America after the Revolution Colonists think of themselves as a separate society. Distinct from Europe based on society, economics, and attitudes. landed nobility No landed nobility, no kings, and a belief in the equality of man. educated and liberal More educated and liberal. middle-class Many come from the middle-class. Benjamin Franklin

America after the Revolution Local ties remain predominant Local ties remain predominant. Most Americans still consider themselves as citizens of their states, not as Americans. Belief that the sovereignty of the state was more important than that of the power of the central government. Would prove to be a problem later. Map of the 13 Colonies

America after the Revolution United in name only. Issues included: Western land claims Western land claims. Slavery Slavery. foreign nations and Indians Issues with foreign nations and Indians. Prewar and postwar debts of individual states. Merchants and producers vs. agriculture. Interstate trade Interstate trade. Second Continental Congress

The Articles of Confederation Origins First attempt at creating laws for our national government. Articles of Confederation Written by John Dickinson

The Articles of Confederation Origins all thirteen states Ratification required by all thirteen states, would not be finalized until John Dickinson onstitutionDay/FoundersGallery/dickinson.jpg

The Articles of Confederation Key Rights in the Articles one vote Each state receives one vote regardless of size. national power Limits to national power are contained in Article 2. “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every Power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.” tax individuals or states No right to tax individuals or states. Relied on the states for yearly contributions Relied on the states for yearly contributions. Major weakness of the United States under the Articles of Confederation.

The Articles of Confederation Powers of Congress Declare war Declare war. Make treaties. Establish a postal system. Coin and borrow money. Indian affairs Regulate Indian affairs. Unicameral legislature Unicameral legislature. (1 House) Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation Process for Enacting Laws One state, one vote One state, one vote. 9 of 13 9 of 13 needed to approve laws. No process for amendment No process for amendment. US Territory in the Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation Executive Powers No No separate executive branch. Congress President appointed by Congress. Has no true power. Samuel Huntington, First President of the Confederation

The Articles of Confederation Judicial Powers None provided for a national government. state courts Only state courts have judicial power. Creates chaos. Lady Justice

The Articles of Confederation State Powers States retain all powers not specifically granted to Congress in the Articles States retain all powers not specifically granted to Congress in the Articles. Patrick Henry

Triumph of the Articles Land Ordinance of 1785 Divided up and provided the Western lands for sale by the federal government. Ensured orderly development of the West. frontier defense Provided a simplified plan for dealing with frontier defense. schools Set aside land in each new township for the building of schools. Draft of the Land Ordinance

Triumph of the Articles Northwest Ordinance Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, set down into law how new states would be admitted into the Union. Northwest Territory

Triumph of the Articles Northwest Ordinance 60,000 Congress When 60,000 people settled into one of the political subdivisions, the territory could petition Congress to become a state. Slavery is prohibited Slavery is prohibited. citizens People living in the territories are to be considered citizens of the United States and not treated as second-class citizens. Northwest Ordinance

Problems Under the Articles Border Problems with Britain & Spain Spain and Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. Spain captures American territory (the city of Natchez). Mississippi River Closes the Mississippi River to American commerce, hurting Western farmers. France regains control from Spain in 1800 through a treaty. Spanish Louisiana Regiment

Problems Under the Articles Foreign Trade Was excluded from the British imperial trade union. mercantilism Policy of mercantilism still exists, Britain shifts its focus on its other colonies. New England Merchants in New England suffer because they cannot participate in trade. cheap goods British merchants flood American markets with cheap goods. Creates a depression in America as many domestic industries fold. Seal of the British East India Company

Problems Under the Articles Shays’ Rebellion Massachusetts legislature is determined to pay its debt by collecting back taxes, seizing the land of debtors, and sending people to prison. forcibly prevent courts from holding sessions Poor western farmers organize under war veteran Daniel Shays and forcibly prevent courts from holding sessions. Many Americans feel that the nation is on the brink of collapse Impact: Many Americans feel that the nation is on the brink of collapse. Shays’ Rebellion

Merit Point Question #1 The measure passed by the Confederation Congress prohibiting slavery in the Western territories above the Ohio River was the The measure passed by the Confederation Congress prohibiting slavery in the Western territories above the Ohio River was the A.Northwest Ordinance. B.Treaty of Paris of C.Articles of Confederation. D.Homestead Act. E.Proclamation of 1763.

Merit Point Question #2 The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be A.former officers in the Continental army. B.those who feared strong central government. C.those who held U. S. government securities. D.bankers, merchants, and financiers. E.those who feared the dangers of unrestrained democracy.

Merit Point Question #3 One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was A.their lack of an adequate mechanism for Congress to force states to comply with its decisions. B.their focus on the separation of powers within the federal branch of government. C.their failure to adequately curb the powers of the executive branch of government. D.their failure to provide women and free blacks with the right to vote. E.their strict tax collections provisions.