Organic Chemistry  The study of all compounds containing carbon.  Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.  This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds.  Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon  The study of all compounds containing carbon.  Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.  This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds.  Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon

Review  How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need?  How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?  Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds.  Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.  How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need?  How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?  Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds.  Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.

Alkanes  Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds  aka - saturated hydrocarbons  carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains  Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C 2 H 6  Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds  aka - saturated hydrocarbons  carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains  Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C 2 H 6

Continuous-chain alkanes  Contain any number of atoms in a straight chain.  Names will end in -ane  Names are given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).  You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings.  You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.  Contain any number of atoms in a straight chain.  Names will end in -ane  Names are given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).  You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings.  You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.

The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes  MethaneCH 4  EthaneC 2 H 6  PropaneC 3 H 8  ButaneC 4 H 10  PentaneC 5 H 12  HexaneC 6 H 14  HeptaneC 7 H 16  OctaneC 8 H 18  NonaneC 9 H 20  DecaneC 10 H 22  The General Formula is - C n H 2n+2  MethaneCH 4  EthaneC 2 H 6  PropaneC 3 H 8  ButaneC 4 H 10  PentaneC 5 H 12  HexaneC 6 H 14  HeptaneC 7 H 16  OctaneC 8 H 18  NonaneC 9 H 20  DecaneC 10 H 22  The General Formula is - C n H 2n+2

Formulas  molecularC 2 H 6 H H  structural H - C - C - H H H  condensedCH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2  skeletonC-C-C-C  molecularC 2 H 6 H H  structural H - C - C - H H H  condensedCH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2  skeletonC-C-C-C

Alkenes unsaturated hydrocarbons  Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond.  Example - Ethene  General formula C n H 2n  Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond.  Example - Ethene  General formula C n H 2n

Alkenes  Naming alkenes  The ending of the parent chain will end in - ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond.  Example - Name the following:  C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C  1-butene 2-butene 1-butene  Count left to right and right to left. Name the compound with the smallest number possible.  Naming alkenes  The ending of the parent chain will end in - ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond.  Example - Name the following:  C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C  1-butene 2-butene 1-butene  Count left to right and right to left. Name the compound with the smallest number possible.

Alkynes Unsaturated Hydrocarbons  Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond.  Example - Ethyne  common name acetylene  General formula C n H 2n-2  Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond.  Example - Ethyne  common name acetylene  General formula C n H 2n-2

Alkynes  Naming Alkynes  Same as alkenes but ending will be -yne  Example - Name the following:  C ≡ C-C-C-C C-C ≡ C-C-C C-C-C ≡ C-C  1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2- pentyne  Naming Alkynes  Same as alkenes but ending will be -yne  Example - Name the following:  C ≡ C-C-C-C C-C ≡ C-C-C C-C-C ≡ C-C  1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2- pentyne

Your Turns  Name the following and give the molecular formula:  1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C ≡ C-C  3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C  5. C ≡ C-C 6. C-C-C-C  Answers  1) 3-hexene C 6 H 12 2) 2-heptyne C 7 H 12  3) hexane C 6 H 14 4) 4-decene C 10 H 20  5) 1-propyne (propyne) C 3 H 4  6) butane (C 4 H 10 )  Name the following and give the molecular formula:  1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C ≡ C-C  3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C  5. C ≡ C-C 6. C-C-C-C  Answers  1) 3-hexene C 6 H 12 2) 2-heptyne C 7 H 12  3) hexane C 6 H 14 4) 4-decene C 10 H 20  5) 1-propyne (propyne) C 3 H 4  6) butane (C 4 H 10 )

Your Turn  Draw the following:  4-Octyne  H H H H H H  H-C-C-C-C ≡ C-C-C-C-H  H H H H H H  Draw the following:  4-Octyne  H H H H H H  H-C-C-C-C ≡ C-C-C-C-H  H H H H H H