Terminal Velocity Predicting the rate an object will fall through air depending on mass, cross sectional area and other factors.

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Presentation transcript:

Terminal Velocity Predicting the rate an object will fall through air depending on mass, cross sectional area and other factors.

Physics Topics: Newton’s 2nd Law and Kinematics You will write a spreadsheet that calculates the terminal velocity of objects that are falling through air by following the instructions. This simulation will require a lot of calculations but the spreadsheet you put together will do them for you. This activity is designed for all levels of high school Physics. This will provide some background…

Drag Force Cross Sectional Area Objects experience a drag force when moving through fluids such as air. Falling objects experience a drag force Drag force depends on: velocity Air Density Cross Sectional Area

Drag Force Drag force is always opposite the direction of motion. Fdrag = drag force magnitude (N) d = drag coefficient (kg/m3) CSA = cross sectional Area (m2) v = velocity (m/s) Fdrag Motion Drag force is always opposite the direction of motion.

Weight Weight is a force directed downward resulting from Earth’s gravity. When weight is the only force on an object it is in freefall. W = mg w = weight (N) m = mass (kg) g = gravitational acceleration = (9.8 m/s2)

Falling Objects In reality, falling objects experience two forces: gravity and drag force You have been taught thus far to disregard drag force for falling objects. This is because drag force causes non-uniform acceleration which cannot be done without calculus.

As drag force approaches the weight an object reaches terminal velocity. Def. An object falling through a fluid reaches terminal velocity when it falls at a constant velocity resulting from a net force of zero. Net force = 0 when drag force equals weight. Fdrag mg

In the following activity you will simulate terminal velocity on a spreadsheet. Tips…. Observe how velocity increases as time goes on. Observe how drag force gets bigger as velocity gets bigger. Observe how net force and acceleration both get smaller as time goes on. Don’t worry about it if a cell reads #DIV/0! while you are assembling the spreadsheet.