THE FLAVIANS – Rome’s First Family 69-96AD

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Presentation transcript:

THE FLAVIANS – Rome’s First Family 69-96AD Vespasian Titus Domitian Achievements: Brought stability to Rome after the disastrous reign of Nero and the following ‘Year of 4 Emperors’ Built the Colosseum and other public works Unfortunately, Domitian was a megalomaniac

THE COLOSSEUM (FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATRE) Date: 70-82AD Flavian: After the family of Emperors that built it. Colosseum: After the neighbouring statue of Nero (‘The Colossus’) Location: * Rome, on the former site of Nero’s private lake * Chosen to show Flavians were Emperors ‘for the people’, by using Emperor’s land for public facility. Preparation of the site: Draining lake – deep foundations could be dug and water supply used for flooding arena for naval battles Height: 48.5m Capacity: 50,000-70,000 spectators Materials: Travertine foundations, façade and stairways, concrete sub-structure, marble (to 3rd level) and wood (4th level) seating.

THE FLAVIANS’ CONTRIBUTIONS Vespasian: Responsible for design most of construction Titus: Finished the Colosseum and held 100 days of Games to celebrate Domitian: Added high wall for fourth level.

THE COLOSSEUM - EXTERIOR

Arches on 2nd and 3rd levels decorated with statues Poles to hold ropes for velarium (awning) 80 entrances – ‘tickets’ would have number of entrance and seat on them

THE EXTERIOR FACADE 4TH LEVEL: Corinthian pilasters (rectangular engaged columns) 3rd LEVEL: Engaged Corinthian Columns 2nd LEVEL: Engaged Ionic Columns 1st LEVEL: Engaged Doric columns

ELEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION (Right Side and Below) Fourth floor had just one corridor in the form of a colonnaded gallery. Two sets of circular barrel-vaulted corridors on the first three levels Bollards around buildings held ropes supporting the internal awning. Pier bases were 2 cubic metres thick. Radial barrel-vaulted corridors to seating

Reconstructions - Exterior

THE COLOSSEUM - INTERIOR

Reconstruction - Interior

Arena floor was made of wood and covered with sand. The sub-structure under the arena floor – a system of passages that allowed trainers to move ‘performers’ to points of entry. Once in position, hidden gangplanks and pulleys allowed entry to the arena floor at different points.

Velarium provided shade or rain protection

Colonnaded gallery 5m wall to separate classes of seating Circular barrel-vaults Entrances from vomitoria (corridors under seating)

ASSISTING THE TRAFFIC FLOW This is a barrel-vaulted ceiling 76 of the exterior archways were public entranceways - formed radial corridors to stairways and seating. Also extra strong. The circular barrel-vaulted corridors were both strong weight-bearers and enhanced mobility

THE SEATING AND ROMAN SOCIETY 4th LEVEL: colonnaded gallery with standing room. Wooden seats for women underneath. 3rd LEVEL: 16 rows of marble seating – Middle Classes 2nd LEVEL: 20 rows of marble seating. Upper Classes 1st LEVEL: entrance to arena and official boxes

Homework Exercise “How does the form (design) of the Colosseum reflect its function?” Points to cover: Entertainment features Access for spectators Seating for all classes Designed for strength