“A language is learned by the sense of hearing not by the sense of seeing”. Jespersen (1961) Palmer (1926) “So language study is essentially an ear science, just as music is. Men spoke long before they wrote and they spoke to be heard”. Morrissey (1931)

Visual (vision based learning materials, visualisation skills) Auditory (sound resources, listening skills and memory) Kinaesthetic (all the senses, experiencing real life situations and settings) Feel and Touch (experiencing in physical terms)

 Does the teacher focus mostly on grammar, reading and writing to prepare students for higher-level courses?  Is the course focused more on conversation activities?  Will students have access to language labs to incorporate audio and other multimedia learning options?  Will there be a lot of written handouts, online assignments, films?

 Supportive learning environment  Predictable structure  Planned repetition  Using kinesthetic, auditory and visual modalities in instructions  Introducing new material at a slower pace  Reducing reading in class  Reducing vocabulary lessons  Charts to assist with translation  Flexibility in exam scheduling

 Enthusiasm  Lack of self-consciousness  Excellent memory  Deep concentration  Good hearing  Any device of learning is accepted  Attempts to communicate should be encouraged from the very beginning  Judicious use of native language  Reading and writing  Linguistic variation  Fluency and acceptable language