DO NOW: Page 683/ The New Woman Reading  How would new products make life easier for stay at home wives?  Answer both “Thinking Critically” questions

Chapter 20 Section 4 A New Mass Culture

New Trends in Popular Culture  Farms: people worked dawn to dusk, with little time to spare  City life was different  Average workweek fell from  70 hours in 1850  55 hours in 1910  45 hours by 1930  Workweek changed from 7 days to 6 and finally 5  Wages were on the rise

For Children Favorite children's books were "Winnie the Pooh," "Bambi," "Dr. Doolittle," and "The Velveteen Rabbit."

Favorite toys included the new baby doll that said, "mama," paper dolls, and teddy bears for the girls. Boys played with metal trucks, Tinker toys, and Erector sets.

Popular children's games were marbles, jump rope, roller skating, and freeze tag.

Mickey Mouse, Little Orphan Annie, and Felix the Cat were popular cartoon characters.

Americans flock to the Movies  With more free time and disposable income, urban and suburban Americans looked for new forms of entertainment

Silent movies became "talkies" in 1927 Know the first one

The radio and the phonograph were also powerful instruments of mass culture. The first commercial radio station, KDKA, began in Within three years, there were 600 radio stations. People all over the country could hear the same music, news, and shows. The phonograph allowed people to listen to music whenever they wanted. Improvements in recording technology made records popular. People listened to the same songs and learned the same dances.

In addition to Hollywood, the world of sports produced some nationally famous heroes. Baseball player Babe Ruth, nicknamed “The Sultan of Swat,” thrilled people with his home runs. Thanks to newspapers and radio, millions of people could follow their favorite athletes. An Age of Heroes

AMERICAN HEROES OF THE 20s  In 1929, Americans spent $4.5 billion on entertainment (including sports)  People crowded into baseball games to see their heroes  Babe Ruth was a larger than life American hero who played for Yankees  He hit 60 homers in 1927

In May 1927, Lindbergh flew his single-engine plane, the Spirit of St. Louis, nonstop from New York to Paris. The flight took more than 33 hours. Aviator Charles Lindbergh became a national hero when he made the first solo flight across the Atlantic.

Women Assume New Roles  After the tumult of World War I, Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s  Women were becoming more independent and achieving greater freedoms (right to vote, more employment, freedom of the auto) Chicago 1926

Women who did the Charleston were called "Flappers" because of the way they would flap their arms and walk like birds while doing the Charleston. The Charleston

THE FLAPPER  During the 1920s, a new ideal emerged for some women: the Flapper  A Flapper was an emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes

How would you feel if police officers enforced dress codes at the beach? Do you think it would infringe on any civil liberties? Which ones?

NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN  The fast-changing world of the 1920s produced new roles for women  Many women entered the workplace as nurses, teachers, librarians, & secretaries  However, women earned less than men and were kept out of many traditional male jobs (management) and faced discrimination Early 20 th Century teachers

THE CHANGING FAMILY  American birthrates declined for several decades before the 1920s  During the 1920s that trend increased as birth control information became widely available  Birth control clinics opened and the American Birth Control League was founded in 1921 Margaret Sanger and other founders of the American Birth Control League

MODERN FAMILY EMERGES  As the 1920s unfolded, many features of the modern family emerged  Marriage was based on romantic love, women managed the household and finances, and children were not considered laborers/ wage earners but rather developing children who needed nurturing and education

The war’s devastation left many questioning the optimistic Victorian attitudes of progress. Modernism expressed a skeptical, pessimistic view of the world. Writers and artists explored the ideas of psychologist Sigmund Freud, who suggested that human behavior was driven by unconscious desires. World War I strongly affected the art and literature of the 1920s.

ART  Challenged tradition and experimented with new subjects and abstract styles.  Painters like Edward Hopper depicted the loneliness of American life  Georgia O’ Keeffe captured the grandeur of New York using intensely colored canvases Hopper’s famous “Nighthawks” Radiator Building, Night, New York, 1927 Georgia O'Keeffe

Postwar American Literature  Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the phrase “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920s  Fitzgerald wrote Paradise Lost and The Great Gatsby  The Great Gatsby reflected the emptiness of New York elite society

WRITERS OF THE 1920S  The 1920s was one of the greatest literary eras in American history  Sinclair Lewis, the first American to win the Nobel Prize in literature, wrote the novel, Babbitt  In Babbitt the main character ridicules American conformity and materialism

WRITERS OF THE 1920  Ernest Hemingway, wounded in World War I, became one of the best- known authors of the era  In his novels, The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war  His simple, straightforward style of writing set the literary standard Hemingway

The Lost Generation  Some writers such as Hemingway Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis were so upset by American culture that they chose to settle in Europe  In Paris they formed a group that one writer called, “The Lost Generation”