Unrest in Austrian-Hungary 16.5 by: Amberrose Alexander & Darnisha Floyd

Objective:  How did decline of the Ottoman Empire affect European politics?

Results of the Uprisings  1848’s: Uprisings in France=Revolts in all European nations!! ~Vienna demonstrators and army clashes ~ Resignations from chief ministers (Prince Metternich) & step downs from emperor’s (Emperor Ferdinand). Later on, Chief minister’s 18 yr old nephew gets throne

Results of the Uprisings con.  As for Hungary, Uprisings from Magyar s, due to their resentment for the Austrian rule~ They argued that they differed from the average European customs (i.e. language and culture)~ The Outcome~ 1848 revolts, led by Lajos Kossuth, in hopes of independence=Czar Nicholas I of Russia step-in for reversed protection in fear of revolution spread=> Kossuth flees=> ending independence attempts

Formation of the Dual Monarchy  Dual Monarchy- formed by Austria in response to the Hungarian independence demands in 1867  Francis Joseph I: common ruler of *Dual Monarchy* held title as Emperor of Austria & King of Hungary  Shared 3 ministers which controlled war, finance, & foreign affairs=> but both had separate Parliaments (1 in Vienna-Austrians & 1 in Budapest-Hungarians)

Formation of the Dual Monarchy con.  Economically, it was an extremely practical arrangement Hungary=> agricultural (raw materials and food) Austria=> industrial ( manufacturing goods)

Formation of Dual Monarchy con.  ~PROBLEMS~ * Austria wanted more money for their manufactured goods * Division in nationalities were still present and at issue ~differences in languages ~ethnic minorities like the Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Romanians, Poles, Slovenes, Ukrainians, and Italians had little to no benefit from the dual monarchy=> so they continued to stress the need of self government

The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans  1800’s=>declining of Ottoman Empire <=constant military defeats=no new/or remaining territory =>No money for improvements to present surroundings such as agriculture, roads, or hospitals  Religion and Government issues ran hand-&- hand *Christians & Jewish residents= religious and political freedom=> but not considered social or political equals

The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans con.  Same request for self government from the Balkan area: Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, Albanians, and the Greeks  Time for action: in 1820’s revolts by Greeks and Serbs granted them great success=> Greeks received independence in 1829 w/ outside help, Serbs achieved self-rule

The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans con.  Foreign help or self help?  Russia formed allies w/ the Balkans=> self gain involved a water route from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean if the Ottoman Empire collapsed.  Great Britain wanted to prevent this from happening so, they supported the Turks

The Congress of Berlin and the Balkan War  1875:Revolts broke out in Turk areas in the Balkan areas=war on the Ottoman Empire=>a defeated Turks forced to sign Treaty of San Stefano in 1878  Treaty granted independence to Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro  Also gave self-rule to Bulgaria

The Congress of Berlin and the Balkan War con.  Russian influence stuck out=>meeting w/ the major European powers at the Congress of Berlin  Meeting basically put forth boundaries, rules and how they thought things should go so…  The Balkan League: nations of the Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro which declared war on the Ottoman Empire=WINNERS!!  However, they still fought over the division of lands=2 nd war=lose and left with only a small outlet on the Aegean Sea