CH.35 “First Aid” Lesson 1: Administrating First Aid Health Ed.

First Aid Is the emergency care given to a person who has become sick or who has been injured.

The first 5 The first 5 minutes are the most critical 6 things to remember: 1-check: surroundings 2-check: is victim conscious 3-Check: breathing

4-Control bleeding 5-Check : victim for poisoning 6-Send for medical help * learn about what happened, and devise a plan of action

Poison- any substance- solid, liquid, or gas that causes injury, illness, or death when introduced to the body

4 types of Wounds.. Scrape Cut Puncture Avulsion

Scrape Also called an “abrasion” Little or no bleeding Caused by scraping or rubbing

Cut Also called an “incision or laceration” Deep cuts damage nerves, large blood vessels, and soft tissue Important to stop bleeding

Puncture When pointed object pierces the skin Potential for internal bleeding to occur Increase risk for infection occurs if object remains in the skin

Avulsion Wound that results when tissue is separated partly or completely from the victim’s body (occurs in auto accidents and animal bites)

First Aid for Open Wounds 4 steps: Stop the bleeding Protect the wound from infection Treat the victim for shock Seek medical care

Stop the bleeding Apply pressure to the top of the wound; elevate wound above level of victims heart 1.Place cloth over the wound 2-Place palm over cloth; if blood soaks through do not remove original cloth, just add cloth *If this is not enough…..

Pressure-Point Technique Apply pressure to main artery supplying blood to affected limb 2 main arteries: Brachial artery- bring blood to the arms Femoral artery-brings blood to the legs

Treatment For Shock Shock= failure of the cardiovascular system to keep blood circulating to vital organs Common symptoms of shock: Confused behavior Trembling Enlarged pupils Bluish lips/nails

What to DO 1- Keep victim lying down on back (feet elevated 8 to 2 inches above the head) 2-Make sure victim maintains normal body temp. 3-Get medical help *Never give victim food/drink

Seeking Medical Help… Send someone for help; never leave the victim

CH: 35 Lesson 2: “First Aid and Poisoning” Health Ed.

Most poisoning involves children under the age of 6 Between 1 and 2 million occur each year

Symptoms… Sharp abdominal cramps Drowsiness followed by loss of consciousness Vomiting Chemical odor on the breath

First Aid for Swallowing Poison 1- Call poison control center 2-Be prepared to give information on victim 3-Treat victim for shock *Do not force victim to throw-up

First Aid for Snake Bites…. 1- keep victim calm 2-keep bitten area below the heart 3-Call for help 4-delay the absorption of venom; because snakes are cold-blooded their venom does the most damage in cold environments; don’t put anything cold on the bite 5-maintain breathing

Only 1% of people bitten by poisonous snakes die each year

First Aid for Touching Poisonous Plant… 1- remove contaminated clothing 2-pour water on affected area 3-wash area with soap and water

First Aid for Touching a Poisonous Chemical.. Same procedure as the plant; except that you flood area with water for at least 15 minutes

CH: 35 Lesson 3: “First Aid For Other Injuries” Health ed.

Nosebleeds… 1- keep person quiet 2-lean person forward 3-apply direct pressure to bleeding nostrils 4-apply cold towel to person face

Fractures… Keep the bone end from moving; Do not try to set the bone immobilize it with a splint

Sprains.. Condition caused by stretching/tearing ligaments Ligaments= hold bones to joints 1-immoblize 2-elevate 3-cold pack

R.I.C.E R= rest I= Ice C=Compression E=elevate

Burns First degree - sun burn (healing occurs in 5 to 6 days) Second degree – skin will have blisters and appear blotchy ( healing 3 to 4 wks) Third degree- all layers of skin destroyed…nerves…muscles.. fat

Treatment To treat a first degree burns- submerge the burn in water Cover with dry, sterile dressings 3 rd degree- hospital (Aloe)

Fainting… 1- DO not prop person up 2- loosen tight clothing 3- maintain open airway 4-sponge person’s face

First Aid for Frostbite.. Never rub affected; re- warm frozen body part by soaking in water

Hurricanes/ Tornados (pg. 708) Watch vs. warning Storm cellar safest place or hallway/bathtub away from windows If outside, find ditch lay face down

Earthquakes California- averages 5,000 per yr. Most casualties result from falling objects or collapsing structures

Blizzards Visibility is less than 500 ft -make sure to stay indoors -if caught outside keep moving

Other Neat Facts to Remember… The average wait for patients being admitted to the hospital is – 10 hr Rabies is treated with antibodies First degree burn are not life threatening Skin banks save tissue for skin grafts