Green Revolution & Urban South Asia… Increased food production Modern cities… Crowded streets…

India’s Green Revolution…  The introduction of high-yielding varieties of Indian seeds after 1965 and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation are known collectively as the Indian Green Revolution, which provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains.

Green Revolution…benefits  The major benefits of the Green Revolution in India were experienced mainly in northern and northwestern India between 1965 and the early 1980s; the program resulted in a substantial increase in the production of food grains, mainly wheat and rice. Food-grain yields continued to increase throughout the 1980s, but the dramatic changes in the years between 1965 and 1980 were not duplicated.

Green Revolution…problems  The Indian Green Revolution created wide regional and interstate disparities. The plan was implemented only in areas with assured supplies of water and the means to control it, large inputs of fertilizers, and adequate farm credit.  The Green Revolution in India also increased income disparities: higher income growth and reduced incidence of poverty were found in the states where yields increased the most and lower income growth and little change in the incidence of poverty in other states.

4 issues hindering future food production in the region…  Crop improvements seem to have reached their potential  Difficulties using irrigation in some regions  Salinization (caused by overirrigation in other regions)  Lack of $$ to deepen wells leaves some areas with no water for crops

Images of Mumbai…  Largest city in S. Asia; a financial, industrial and commercial center.

A mix of the old…  Used to be known as “Bombay” but changed the name to honor the Hindu goddess Mumba.

And the new…  First rate hotels and expensive autos…also skyrocketing property values.

Images of Delhi, India…  The new “Taj convention center”…in modern India’s capital city.

And the original Taj Mahal…  India’s most recognizable landmark in Agra.

India’s Calcutta  Fine educational institutions, theatres & publishing firms…

Modern business center…  A port city on the Hugli river…

Alongside crushing poverty.  Many living in extreme poverty on the streets of the city. (called “bustees” or “hutments” – types of squatter settlements).

Dhaka...capital of Bangladesh  Major trade center, river port and seat of government.

Karachi, Pakistan…  Suburbs Modern city Mosques

Islamabad, Pakistan  A Forward capital…one that signals, both symbolically & geographically, the intentions of a country.

The rural to urban shift is on in South Asia.  Dharavi update Dharavi update Dharavi update