4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 1 of 13 Session I.4.4 Part I Review of Fundamentals Module 4Sources of Radiation Session 4Sealed and Unsealed Sources and Isotope Generators IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 2 of 13 Overview In this session we will discuss the characteristics of sealed and unsealed sources, and isotope generators that are used to produce radioactive material In this session we will discuss the characteristics of sealed and unsealed sources, and isotope generators that are used to produce radioactive material

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 3 of 13 Sealed Source

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 4 of 13 Sealed Source

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 5 of 13 Sealed Source 18 mm 19 mm

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 6 of 13 Sealed Source 19 mm

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 7 of 13 Sealed Source

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 8 of 13 Sealed Source

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 9 of 13 Unsealed Source

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 10 of 13 Isotope Generators

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 11 of 13 ParentDaughter 52 Fe 52m Mn 62 Zn 62 Cu 68 Ge 68 Ga 72 Se 72 As 82 Sr 82 Rb 118 Te 118 Sb 122 Xe 122 I Isotope Generators ParentDaughter 128 Ba 128 Cs 191 Os 191m Ir 195m Hg 195m Au 81 Rb 81m Kr 178 W 178 Ta 188 W 188 Re 115 Cd 115m In

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 12 of 13 Parent Half Life Daughter 66 Ni 2.3d 66 Cu 5.1m 69m Zn 0.6d 69 Zn 55m 112 Pd 0.9d 112 Ag 3.2h 115 Cd 2.2d 115m In 4.5h 128 Ba 2.4d 128 Cs 3.6m 132 Te 3.2d 132 I 2.3h 188 W 69.4d 188 Re 17h 224 Ra/ 212 Pb 3.7d 212 Bi 1h 225 Ra 14.8d 213 Bi 46m Isotope Generators

4/2003 Rev 2 I.4.4 – slide 13 of 13 Where to Get More Information  Cember, H., Johnson, T. E., Introduction to Health Physics, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (2008)  Martin, A., Harbison, S. A., Beach, K., Cole, P., An Introduction to Radiation Protection, 6 th Edition, Hodder Arnold, London (2012)  Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley and Sons, Chichester (1986)  Firestone, R.B., Baglin, C.M., Frank-Chu, S.Y., Eds., Table of Isotopes (8 th Edition, 1999 update), Wiley, New York (1999)