11-2 Radical Expressions Warm Up Warm Up Lesson Presentation Lesson Presentation California Standards California StandardsPreview

11-2 Radical Expressions Warm Up Identify the perfect square in each set Write each number as a product of prime numbers

11-2 Radical Expressions Extension of 2.0 Students understand and use such operations as taking the opposite, finding the reciprocal, taking a root, and raising to a fractional power. They understand and use the rules of exponents. California Standards

11-2 Radical Expressions radical expression radicand Vocabulary

11-2 Radical Expressions An expression that contains a radical sign is a radical expression. There are many types of radical expressions (such as square roots, cube roots, fourth roots, and so on), but in this chapter, you will study radical expressions that contain only square roots. Examples of radical expressions: The expression under a radical sign is the radicand. A radicand may contain numbers, variables, or both. It may contain one term or more than one term.

11-2 Radical Expressions

11-2 Radical Expressions Remember that, indicates a nonnegative square root. When you simplify a square-root expression containing variables, you must be sure your answer is not negative. For example, you might think that but this is incorrect because you do not know if x is positive or negative. In both cases This is the correct simplification of If x = 3, then In this case, If x = – 3, then In this case,

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 1: Simplifying Square-Root Expressions Simplify each expression. B. A. C.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 1 Simplify each expression. a.b.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 1 Simplify each expression. c. d.

11-2 Radical Expressions

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 2A: Using the Product Property of Square Roots Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Factor the radicand using perfect squares. Product Property of Square Roots Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 2B: Using the Product Property of Square Roots Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Product Property of Square Roots Since x is nonnegative,.

11-2 Radical Expressions When factoring the radicand, use factors that are perfect squares. In Example 2A, you could have factored 18 as 6  3, but this contains no perfect squares. Helpful Hint

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 2a Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Factor the radicand using perfect squares. Product Property of Square Roots Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 2b Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Product Property of Square Roots Since y is nonnegative,.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 2c Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Product Property of Square Roots Factor the radicand using perfect squares. Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 3: Using the Quotient Property of Square Roots Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Quotient Property of Square Roots Simplify. Quotient Property of Square Roots Simplify. A. B.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 3 Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Simplify. Quotient Property of Square Roots Simplify. a.b.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 3c Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Quotient Property of Square Roots Factor the radicand using perfect squares. Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 4A: Using the Product and Quotient Properties Together Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Quotient Property Write 108 as 36(3). Product Property Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 4B: Using the Product and Quotient Properties Together Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Quotient Property Product Property Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions Caution! In the expression and 5 are not common factors. is completely simplified.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 4a Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Quotient Property Write 20 as 4(5). Product Property Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 4b Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Quotient PropertyProduct Property Simplify.Write as.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 4c Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers. Quotient Property Simplify.

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 5: Application A quadrangle on a college campus is a square with sides of 250 feet. If a student takes a shortcut by walking diagonally across the quadrangle, how far does he walk? Give the answer as a radical expression in simplest form. Then estimate the length to the nearest tenth of a foot. The distance from one corner of the square to the opposite one is the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Use the Pythagorean Theorem: c 2 = a 2 + b Quadrangle

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 5 Continued Solve for c. Substitute 250 for a and b. Simplify. Factor 125,000 using perfect squares.

11-2 Radical Expressions Additional Example 5 Continued Use the Product Property of Square Roots. Simplify. Use a calculator and round to the nearest tenth. The distance is ft, or about feet.

11-2 Radical Expressions Check It Out! Example 5 A softball diamond is a square with sides of 60 feet. How long is a throw from third base to first base in softball? Give the answer as a radical expression in simplest form. Then estimate the length to the nearest tenth of a foot. 60 The distance from one corner of the square to the opposite one is the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Use the Pythagorean Theorem: c 2 = a 2 + b 2.

11-2 Radical Expressions Solve for c. Substitute 60 for a and b. Simplify. Factor 7,200 using perfect squares. Check It Out! Example 5 Continued

11-2 Radical Expressions Use the Product Property of Square Roots. Simplify. Use a calculator and round to the nearest tenth. Check It Out! Example 5 Continued The distance is, or about 84.9 feet.

11-2 Radical Expressions Lesson Quiz: Part I Simplify each expression Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers |x + 5|

11-2 Radical Expressions Lesson Quiz: Part II 7. Two archaeologists leave from the same campsite. One travels 10 miles due north and the other travels 6 miles due west. How far apart are the archaeologists? Give the answer as a radical expression in simplest form. Then estimate the distance to the nearest tenth of a mile. mi; 11.7 mi