Chapter 3: Non-Associative Learning and Memory From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.

Cytoskeletal Rearrangement in Synaptic Plasticity

32 P Incorporation into protein or adenine nucleotides Time (hrs) 32 P added Steady State Figure 1 Hypothetical Graph of 32 P-PO 4

C B A Figure 2 AMPA Receptors

Figure 3 Isoelectic Point 3 10 Molecular Weight High (approx 200 kDa) Low (approx 5 kDa) Protein Turnover

Figure 4 Actin Turnover

Figure 5 Aplysia californica

Figure 6 Siphon-gill and tail-siphon withdrawal reflexes of Aplysia

Figure 7: C Short-term Sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia

Figure 8 Circuit Diagrams of the Siphon-gill

Figure 9 Heterosynaptic Facilitation of the Sensorimotor

Figure 10 Molecular events in Aplysia

Figure 11 Mechanisms of long-term memory formation

Substrates PO 4 Substrates Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis Facilitation of Neurotransmitter release PDE cAMP AMP cAMP Shorter Term Longer Term Reg.Cat. Reg.Cat. Reg.Cat. Reg.Cat. Reg. Cat. Reg. Cat. Figure 12 PKA Altered Gene Expression and

Figure 13 Aplysia

Figure 14 Cellular basis of behavior

Figure 15 The Eskin/ Byrne model in Aplysia long-term facilitation

Figure 16 Injury-induced Spinal and Behavioral Sensitization

Figure 17 Anatomical Pain Pathways Cortex Spinal cord Midbrain Amygdala Medulla DRG Aδ-fiber C-fiber Pons Hypothalamus PAG Thalamus Ascending Pathways Descending Pathways Withdrawal Reflex End-organ tissue nociceptor terminals RVM Figure 17

Blue Box 1 Adenylyl Cyclase α γ β GTP GDP ATP cAMP Substrate PO 4 Reg Cat. Ion Channels “G s ” Protein Receptor cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) The cAMP System Receptor α γ β GTPGDP “G o ” Protein PLC IP 3 DAG Ca ++ PKC Substrate PO 4 PIP 2 The PLC System Coupling of Receptors to Intracellular Messengers

Blue Box 2 Potential Signal Transduction routes leading to MAPK Activation in Neurons GFR Grb2 Rap1 MEK p42 mapk Raf-1 B-Raf PKA PKC PKA AC Effectors Sos Ras

PO 4 ras GDPGTP GTP Hydrolysis GAPs GTPase Activating Proteins e.g. NF1, SynGAP GEFs Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Proteins e.g. SOS, cAMP GEF, Ca 2+ /DAG GEF, ras GRF InactiveActive + + Blue Box 3 Regulation of RAS

Blue Box 4 Habituation and Synaptic Inhibition

Blue Box 6 Swimming ContactWithdrawal Preparation for swimming A B C Escape Swimming in Tritonia