Properties of Life 7 th Grade Life Science Unit 2 Study Guide

6 Characteristics of Living Things Living things have all of these: Have Cells Sense and respond to change Reproduce (an ant can not make an elephant) Have DNA Use Energy (make food/break down food) Grow and Develop Use a mnemonic to help you remember this “Can Shane Really Drink Elmer’s Glue?”

The 4 Necessities of Life We need these 4 basic things to live:  Food  Water  Air  A place to live (shelter)

The 5 Building Blocks These compounds are found in all living things:  Proteins  Lipids  ATP  Nucleic Acids  Carbohydrates PLANC -A planc is a board (walk the plank), you use boards to build houses, so PLANC are the BUILDING BLOCKS.

Chapter 2 Definitions Used in a Sentence  A cell is part of all living organisms  Humans are made of many cells  The Venus Flytrap reacts to the stimulus of the fly, by closing its trap.  A person reacts to the stimulus of cold by shivering and/or putting on a sweater  A stimulus can be in the form of a sound (door bell, dog bark) or light

Staying Alive Handout Needs of Living Things-Chemicals for Life  About 2/3 of your body is water  Humans can survive several weeks without food, but only a few days without water”  Water is a useful chemical.  Water dissolves other chemicals by breaking them down into tiny particles small enough to go in and out of cells Example: Put sugar into a glass of tea and stir the liquid until the sugar dissolves. As it dissolves breaks into particles you can’t see

What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid Present in all living cells and contains information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live

Living Things Have Cells  Some living things are made of multiple cells

Living Things Have Cells (C)  Some living things are made of a single cell Paramecium Amoeba

Living Things Have Cells (C)  Muscle Cells Skin Cells Blood Cells Example Cell Types

Living Things Have Cells (C)  Prokaryotes = single celled, does not have a nucleus (p 64, 65)  Bacteria and Archaea are Prokaryotes  PRO = “NO” (nucleus)

Living Things Have Cells (C)  Eukaryotes = Made of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane.  Animals, Plants, and Fungi have Eukaryotic Cells

An insect landing on the Venus Fly Trap will trigger it to close (The fly is the Stimulus) Sense and Respond to Change (S)

 When touched (the stimulus), the pill bug rolls into a ball.

Sense and Respond to Change (S)  Eyes Dilate when exposed to light (the light is the stimulus)

Sense and Respond to Change (S)  The presence of its big ears helps an Elephant maintains homeostasis.  Sweating/Shivering helps a human maintain homeostasis. Caption: Our bodies maintain a stable internal temperature like a home does with a/c and heat

 Budding (p 40) All Living Things Reproduce (R) Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission (p 248) Regeneration (p 684) 1 parent produces offspring that is genetically IDENTICAL

Living Things Reproduce Sexual Reproduction  Mom + Dad =Baby  Baby has some characteristics of Mom and some characteristics of Dad

Chapter 2 Definitions Used in a Sentence  Heredity is the reason you have brown eyes (or are short, tall, have red hair, etc.)  A hummingbird has a very high metabolism and feeds constantly to supply energy to racing wings and hearts.  A skinny person has a high metabolism burning off his/her calories.

Living Things Have DNA (D)  DNA is the “blueprint” for all living things (NUCLEIC ACIDS)  Holds info for a cell to make proteins -Proteins make up part of the structure of our bodies -Proteins help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies

Living Things Use Energy (E) To….  Make Food  Break Down Food  Move Materials in and Out of Cells  Build New Cells

 Plants produce their own food (producers)  Humans are consumers because we eat other organisms/animals  decomposers eat dead things. Living Things Use Energy (E)

CARBOHYDRATES: People “carb up” (eat potatoes, pasta, rice and other starches) to get energy for exercise

Living Things Grow and Develop (G)

Cell Membrane  The Cell Membrane is made mostly of phospholipids  The “round parts” are the heads of the phospholipid molecule  The “water hating” tails point inward  The “water loving” heads of the phospholipids point out, so the fluid must be water.  This design helps keep internal conditions of the cell stable (homeostasis) WATER

Good Luck on the Test!!