Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration DOE Briefing Meeting Alan Bross

2 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 NFMCC Mission  Extensive experimental program to verify the theoretical and simulation predictions To study and develop the theoretical tools, the software simulation tools, and to carry out R&D on the hardware that is unique to the design of Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders Question: Why has the collaboration been so driven and focused in the face of the very difficult fiscal constraints on our activities

3 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Evolution of a Physics Program  Intense K physics  Intense Low-energy muon physics  Neutrino Factory  Higgs Factory  Energy Frontier u 5 TeV circa

4 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 The Muon Collider Motivation – Elevator Spiel PRSTAB – May 3, 2002 Energy Frontier Physics with SMALL Footprint More recent concepts extend  s  to 8 TeV (on FNAL site)

5 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Muon Collider – Physics Motivation Reach Multi-TeV Lepton-Lepton Collisions at High Luminosity Muon Colliders would have special role for precision measurements. Small  E beam spread – Precise energy scans Small Footprint - Could Fit on Existing Laboratory Site

6 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Muon Collider at the Energy Frontier  Comparisons with Energy Frontier e + e - Collider u For many processes - Similar cross sections u Advantage in s-channel scalar production (m m /m e ) 2 u Beam Polarization useful u Muon Decay backgrounds and Detector implications

7 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 S-channel Coupling to Higgs

8 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Higgs 

9 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Resolving degenerate Higgs in MSSM

10 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Muon Collider-NF – Synergy Naturally Staged Physics Program Neutrino Factory Muon Collider ISS Preliminary Design

11 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Physics Synergy – Neutrino Questions (Not likely answered with an Energy Frontier Machine)  What is the origin of neutrino mass?  Did neutrinos play a role in our existence?  Did neutrinos play a role in forming galaxies?  Did neutrinos play a role in birth of the universe?  Are neutrinos telling us something about unification of matter and/or forces?  Will neutrinos give us more surprises? Big questions  tough questions to answer Is a Neutrino Factory needed in order to answer these questions?

12 Alan BrossNFMCC DOE Briefing March 1, 2007 Neutrino Factory- ISS (3  m 31 2 = eV 2  Best possible reach in   for all performance indicators =Neutrino factory

Harold G. Kirk Brookhaven National Laboratory Future Plans for NFMCC DOE Briefing Germantown, Md March 1, 2007

Harold G. Kirk Commonality for a Neutrino Factory and a Muon Collider l Proton Driver n primary beam on production target l Target, Capture, and Decay n create  ’s; decay into  ’s l Phase Rotation n reduce  E of bunch l Cooling n reduce emittance of the muons l Acceleration n Accelerate the Muons l Storage Ring n store for ~1000 turns Multi-MW Proton Beam The MERIT Experiment (MERcury Intense Target) The MICE Experiment (Muon Ionization Cooling Exp.) EMMA (Electron Model for Muon Accleration) NFMCC and MCTF priority

Harold G. Kirk Key Differences for the two Facilities Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Cooling nreduce transverse emittance nε ┴ ~ 25 mm Acceleration nAccelerate to GeV Storage Ring nNo intersecting beams Bunch Merging Cooling nreduce 6D emittance nε ┴ ~ 3-25 μm nε L ~ 70 mm Acceleration nAccelerate to 1-2 TeV Storage Ring nIntersecting beams

Harold G. Kirk Why Study these two Facilities? EPP2010 “The United States should remain globally competitive in elementary particle physics by playing a leading role in the worldwide effort to aggressively study Terascale physics.” The Muon Collider program contributes to this goal Action Item 5. “The committee recommends that the properties of neutrinos be determined through a well-coordinated, staged program of experiments developed with international planning and cooperation.” The International Design Study contributes to this Action Item

Harold G. Kirk The International Design Study Goal: Unified cost-optimized solution for a Neutrino Factory by Engineered design by The International Design Study (IDS) will build on the successful conclusion of the International Scoping Study (ISS) in which an international study team developed a unified set of parameters for a future Neutrino Factory. The year 2012 is significant in that Europe’s LHC debt will be retired by that year.

Harold G. Kirk Key R&D Issues toward a Muon Collider High Power Targetry – The MERIT experiment Initial Cooling – The MICE experiment (4D Cooling) 201 MHz RF – The FNAL MuCool Program l Investigate Gas-Filled RF cavities (Muons Inc.) n Investigate RF cavities in presence of high magnetic fields n Obtain high accelerating gradients (~15MV/m) 6D Cooling l RFOFO “Guggenheim” l Helical Channel Cooling (Muons Inc. + MCTF) l Parametric Resonance Ionization Cooling (Muons Inc.) Bunch Recombination Acceleration– A cost driver l FFAGs – The EMMA experiment in the UK l Multi-turn RLAs – a BIG cost reducer Theoretical Studies l Analytic Calculations l Lattice Designs l Numeric Simulations

Harold G. Kirk Muon Technical Advisory Committee (MUTAC) Report of 2006 MUTAC to the Muon Collaboration Oversight Group (MCOG—Bond, Holmes, Siegrist) “The committee recommends that the funding agencies make every effort to provide $1M to fund the coupling coil as soon as possible. In addition the agencies should work to provide at least a $400k/yr increase in annual funding to the NFMCC. Both last year’s committee and this believe that funding levels substantially above the FY06 levels could be used effectively to advance the goals of NFMCC.”

Harold G. Kirk The Marx AARD Panel Report “We support the MICE project as a critical feasibility demonstration for muon storage rings and colliders. A reasonable pace of progress on other necessary muon-related R&D tasks is not sustainable at the current level of funding. Without increased support, essential intellectual resources will disappear”. “… a reasonable scale would be to restore the funding to the level of four or five years ago which is about twice the current funding level of 3.6 M$ from DOE”.

Harold G. Kirk A Road Map toward realizing a Muon Collider Consensus from the recent (Feb ) Low Emittance MC Workshop With adequate R&D a Muon Collider is achievable We (the NFMCC) recommend: Restoring the NFMCC collaboration funding to it’s FY00 levels ($8M/yr) Funding the FNAL Muon Collider Task Force Initiative (($2.8M/yr  $5M/yr) With such a program, in 5 years we can accomplish: Establish the enabling technology in a 3 years program Deliver a Muon Collider Feasibility Study after the following 2 years n Characterize a fully consistent MC scenario n Deliver an engineered initial cost estimate n Be prepared for developing a CDR

Muon Collider R&D Program: Status and Issues Michael S. Zisman NFMCC Project Manager Center for Beam Physics Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory DOE Briefing Meeting–Germantown March 1, 2007

DOE Briefing-Zisman23 Technical Challenges Two main challenges for a muon-based facility (Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider) —muons have short lifetime (2.2  s at rest) o puts premium on rapid beam manipulations –high-gradient NCRF (in magnetic field) for cooling –ionization cooling technique (presently undemonstrated) –fast acceleration system —muons are created as tertiary beam (p     ) o low production rate –requires target that can handle multi-MW beam o large muon beam transverse phase space and energy spread –requires ionization cooling (only scheme fast enough) –requires high acceptance acceleration system and decay ring Cooling requirements for Muon Collider more stringent than for Neutrino Factory

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman24 Muon Collider R&D Program (1) Goal —to demonstrate feasibility of developing a design for a Muon Collider of E c.m. ≥ 1.5 TeV and luminosity ≥ cm -2 s -1 Ongoing R&D —theoretical studies, both analytic and simulation, on how to incorporate the new ideas into a coherent design for a collider —development and testing of high-power production targets capable of handling 1-4 MW of proton beam power (MERIT) —demonstration of transverse cooling of muons with LH 2 and other materials (MICE) —design of intense proton driver capable of producing short bunches (1-3 ns) —development of efficient and cost-effective systems for rapid acceleration of muons

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman25 Muon Collider R&D Program (2) New R&D elements —experimental study of gas-filled RF cavities with beam —development and testing of conductor materials for HTS high-field superconducting magnets —fabrication and testing of model helical cooling channel magnet for 6D cooling —feasibility study of complete Muon Collider scenario —demonstration of helical cooling channel (MANX; possible MICE follow-on) —demonstration of “Guggenheim” 6D cooling channel (possible MICE follow- on) Aim in next 5-6 years is to reach the stage to assess —feasibility of 1.5 TeV collider —preliminary cost estimate and timeline for this facility

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman26 Muon Collider R&D Time Line Time scale (assuming adequate funding support) —complete initial studies within about 3 years —“feasibility study” of complete Muon Collider facility will take about 2 more years —demonstration experiments will take about 3-4 years (running in parallel with feasibility study)

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman27 Muon Collider Incremental Cost To carry out an aggressive Muon Collider R&D program will require incremental funding beyond the present NFMCC annual budget of $3.6M —below is a first-cut estimate of what additional funds might be needed o caveat: costs of the experimental demonstrations cannot be fixed until the details are better defined, which may take several years —required funding is at the level of 2% of HEP funds o a modest investment for a potentially big payoff o restores NFMCC funding to level recommended by Marx subpanel FY08FY09FY10FY11FY12FY13FY14 NFMCC base3.6 NFMCC new MCTF Total

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman28 Additional NFMCC Support (1) Three categories where additional support is needed immediately: —completing our hardware commitments to international experiments —providing common funds for the MICE experiment —restoring the health of our simulations and theory effort Hardware commitments [$4.4M remaining] —NFMCC commitments for MICE and MuCool are large and beyond our ability to complete in a timely way o spectrometer solenoids (2 ea., ordered) [TEC $1.5M] o RFCC modules (2 ea.) [TEC $3.7M] –each comprises MHz RF cavities [$1.15M] + 1 CC [$0.7M] o Cherenkov-1 detector [TEC $0.1M] o Coupling Coil for MuCool [TEC $0.9M; $0.3M in hand]

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman29 Additional NFMCC Support (2) MICE hardware commitments will be honored at present budget levels, but 1–2 years late —any substantial need for contingency would cause further delays —we continue to try to mitigate this by working to find partners o exploring partnership with ICST-Harbin to help with coupling coil fabrication for MICE –and possibly for MuCool as well o exploring ways to partner with UK groups on cavity fabrication We propose to finish the MICE hardware in two years —and then move aggressively to collider design and hardware development o requires an increment of $2.5M (over two years)

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman30 Need for Additional Support (3) Effort needs [$750K/yr] —MICE common fund contribution [£3K/yr per Ph.D.; TEC ≈$250K/yr] —additional post-docs [$250K/yr] —restore BNL group to full strength [$250K/yr] Manpower has eroded away after years of flat budgets —need effort for IDS, MICE analysis, EMMA design, and MCTF work —we continue to try to get NSF support also o for post-docs (University Consortium proposal; in limbo for 2 years) o for MuCool (applying for MRI grant again this year) In out-years, NFMCC will carry out Muon Collider R&D and design effort in conjunction with MCTF —feasibility study, with engineering —hardware development and testing (Guggenheim components; HCC components)

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman31 Closing Comments Despite limited funding, NFMCC continues to make excellent progress on carrying out its R&D program —201 MHz test cavity completed and tested to 16 MV/m —MICE spectrometer solenoids ordered —completed ISS; write-up in progress o developing follow-on plans for IDS —MERIT preparations nearly completed o 15 T magnet and Hg-jet target system operational Our work provides potential choices for HEP community —muon-based accelerators/colliders offer advantages over other approaches o they also provide an intense source for low-energy muon physics We have plans to aggressively pursue Muon Collider R&D in collaboration with Fermilab MCTF program

March 1, 2007DOE Briefing-Zisman32 Road Map to a Muon Collider Consensus from recent (Feb , 2007) Low Emittance MC Workshop —with adequate R&D a Muon Collider is achievable NFMCC recommends: —restoring NFMCC funding to its FY00 level ($8M/yr) —funding FNAL MCTF initiative ($2.8M/yr  $5M/yr) With such a program, in 5 years we can accomplish a lot —establish the enabling technology in the first 3 years —deliver a Muon Collider feasibility study in the following 2 years o characterize a fully consistent MC scenario o deliver an engineered initial cost estimate o be ready to develop a CDR thereafter