Chapter 5 Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Focus: William Erasmus Darwin When his son was born in December 1839, Charles Darwin kept a diary of observations about him. These notes first called scientific attention to the developmental nature of infant behavior.

: Classic Approaches Studying Cognitive Development: Classic Approaches  Behaviorist Approach  Psychometric Approach  Piagetian Approach

: Classic Approaches Studying Cognitive Development: Classic Approaches  Behaviorist Approach classical conditioning operant conditioning infant memory

Psychometric Approach Can infants’ and toddlers’ intelligence be measured and how can it be improved?

: Classic Approaches Studying Cognitive Development: Classic Approaches  Psychometric Approach Bayley Scales of Infant Development Home observation for measurement of the environment Socioeconomic status, parenting practices, and IQ Early Intervention

Piagetian Approach: The Sensorimotor Stage

Key Developments of the Sensorimotor Stage object permanencenumber spatial knowledgecategorization causalityimitation

Studying Cognitive Development: Newer Approaches information-processing approach cognitive neuroscience approach social-contextual approach

Information-Processing Approach How do we measure infants’ ability to process information, and how does this ability relate to future intelligence?

Cognitive-Neuroscience Approach What can brain research reveal about the development of cognitive skills?

Social-Contextual Approach How does social interaction with adults advance cognitive competence?

Language Development  Sequence of Early Language Development recognizing language sounds gestures first words first sentences

Language Development  Characteristics of Early Speech understand grammatical relationships they cannot yet express underextend word meanings overextend word meanings overregularize rules

Classic Theories of Language Acquisition: The Nature-Nurture Debate Checkpoint: Can you… Summarize how learning theory and nativism seek to explain language acquisition, and point out strengths and weaknesses of each?

Language Development  Influences on Early Language Development Maturation of the Brain Social Interaction: The Role of Parents and Caregivers Child-Directed Speech

Language Development  Preparing for Literacy: The Benefits of Reading Aloud describer style comprehender style performance-oriented style

Window on the World Playing Peekaboo

Digging Deeper Can Toddlers “Read” Others’ Wishes?