American Society Takes Shape

Spirituality Awakens Second Great Awakening = wide-spread Christian movement; Manifest Destiny is undercurrent – 1790s – 1840s –Primary forum = revival meetings w/impassioned speeches & Bible study African-American Church = free A.A. formed churches in Nor. states; became political, cultural & social centers; provided schools & other services denied by whites

Intellectual Bloom Ralph Waldo Emerson = traveled to G.B. and was influenced by Romanticism = artistic & intellectual movement that emphasized nature, human emotions & the imagination –Developed new philosophy = Transcendentalism = emphasized that truth could be discovered intuitively by observing nature & relating it to one’s own emotional & spiritual experience

Southern Slavery Pre-18th cent – most slaves were male & arrived from Carib. or Africa; spoke several languages By 1830s - #s of male & females more =; majority born in U.S. & spoke only English Slave life = hard work & oppressed; suffered violence & degradation Most slaves worked as house servants, farm hands or in fields

Turner’s Rebellion – Aug Led by Virginia slave Nat Turner 50+ slaves attacked 4 plantations & killed 60+ whites Turner & many rebels captured & executed Outcome 1 = Southerners frightened & outraged; tightened restrictions on all A.A = prevent further uprisings Outcome 2 = Pro-slavery peeps began to use Bible to defend slavery “servants to obey their masters”

“Noble Savages”

AntiSlavery Abolition = movement to free A.A. from slavery William Lloyd Garrison = most radical white abolitionist from Massachusetts –Editor of antislavery paper – 1828 –Est. own paper, The Liberator –Demanded immediate emancipation – 1831 –Lynched by Boston mob

cont. Frederick Douglas = slave who escaped; became an eloquent & outspoken critic of slavery –H–Hoped abolition won w/o violence –B–Began own antislavery newspaper – The North Star

White Women Bring Reform Efforts to improve society –R–Raised $, distributed info. & collected sigs. for antislavery petitions to Congress –T–Temperance movement = effort to prohibit drinking alcohol Dorothea Dix = fought to improve treatment for mentally disabled & reform harsh & inhumane prison system

cont. Suffrage Movement –As more women participated in reform movements, the demand for suffrage ↑ –Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca Falls convention in New York – women attended & signed petition for right to vote Spoke out against slavery

SUMMARIZE YOUR NOTES Draw a line & summarize, in your own words, what you learned from these notes in 5-6 sentences. Create 1 Level 2 –Remember, Qs should be answered by bullet points in notes –Write CTQs below summary