Seismology.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Advertisements

Friday, March 23 nd 1 Attendance 2 Go over Review Sheet Test Pass Back papers.

Earth Science Chapter 5 Earthquakes.

March 31  Describe Stress vs. Strain  Describe Elastic Rebound  Describe the different types of faults.

Chapter 11 Earthquakes.

1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Investigating Earthquakes--San Francisco.

Chapter Eleven Earthquakes.

Chapter 8 Earthquakes.

Ch 15 Earthquakes I. Earthquake – the shaking of Earth’s crust caused by a release of energy; vibrations made from rocks breaking.

What is an Earthquake? Movement of the ground that occurs when rock inside the Earth pass their elastic limit, break suddenly, and experience elastic rebound.

Earthquakes Essential Question: How has earthquakes shaped our Earth?

EARTHQUAKES 2007 Japan quake.

Glencoe Chapter 9 ©2005 LikeScience.com. Faults Rocks break and move along surfaces called faults.

Chapter 8. Section 1 When you bend a stick, you notice that is changes shape while you bend it The stick will spring back if you stop applying force.

Earthquakes The movement of the ground, caused by waves from energy released as rocks move along faults.

Chapter 11 Earthquakes Study Guide.

Earthquakes Chapter 2 book F page 44. Vocabulary for section 1 page 44 book F Stress Tension Compression Shearing Normal fault Reverse fault Strike-slip.

Earthquakes!. Seismic Waves General Info  Seismic waves are the energy released when rocks break along faults.  Focus = the point within the Earth’s.

Seismic Jeopardy!. Seismic Jeopardy! Better Safe than Quarry Hazards!! Locating Quaking Crust in Motion Fault Monitor

Earthquakes!. How does an earthquakes form?  Forces inside the earth put stress on the rocks near plate edges. Stress cause rocks to bend and stretch.

 stress -a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. 3 Types of Stress  tension -pulls on crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner.

1 What is an earthquake? Simply put: An earthquake is the shaking of the earth. Free powerpoint template: 1.

Earthquakes. All earthquakes start beneath Earth’s surface. Focus of an earthquake: the point underground where rocks first begin to move Epicenter: the.

Get notes packet and start vocab.  You will learn to explain how earthquakes result from the buildup of energy in rocks.  You will learn to describe.

Earthquake Test Review Next Which type of stress stretches rock? Tension Compression Diversion Shearing.

Earthquake Waves Chapter 6-2. Focus and epicenter Actual location of fault Up to 700 km below surface.

 By the end of this unit, you should be able to:  Discuss stress and strain and their roles in earthquakes  Identify and describe the 3 types of faults.

Warm-Up Write a paragraph describing what it is like to be in an earthquake. If you have never been in one, MAKE IT UP! Write about what you THINK it would.

Chapter 19 Notes Earthquakes.

STRESS – The amount of force exerted on a material.

QUIZ 10/21 1.What are Earthquakes? 2._____ is the deformation of a material caused by stress. 3.Describe tension stress. 4.Faulting causes rock to _________.

Do Now Describe the last earthquake you can remember. (location, strength, time of day, how it felt, etc.) Where do earthquakes occur? Why do earthquakes.

Chapter 11: Earthquakes. Forces Inside the Earth Fault Formation: There is a limit to how far rocks can bend or move without cracking. Up to a point,

Earthquakes. What are earthquakes? The word earthquake means exactly what it says. An earthquake is when the ground shakes as a result of energy being.

Earthquakes. Define earthquake Large vibrations that move through rock or other Earth materials Movement of the ground that occurs when rocks inside the.

1. What do seismologists use to determine when an earthquake started? A seismogram 2. How is the intensity of an earthquake determined? By the amount.

EARTHQUAKES. Earthquake Causes The bending and breaking of wooden craft sticks are similar to how rocks bend and break When a force is first applied to.

CH. 8: Earthquakes and Volcanoes 8.1: Earthquakes.

Chapter 19: Earthquakes. What are Earthquakes? Natural vibrations of the ground caused by movement in fractures in Earth’s crust or sometimes volcanic.

Earthquakes. Earthquakes Earthquakes are vibrations of the ground (violent shaking motions) created by the sudden release of energy accumulating in deformed.

Key Terms: Seismology - the study of earthquakes Seismology - the study of earthquakes Seismologist - a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic.

Earthquakes. earthquakes Earthquakes are natural vibrations of the ground caused by movement along gigantic fractures in Earth’s crust or by volcanic.

Earthquakes Stress Relief. Earthquakes & Plate Tectonics Rocks break & move along surfaces called faults Rocks break & move along surfaces called faults.

Ch.11 Earthquakes Earth Science.

Standard S6E5: Students will understand how the distribution of land and oceans affects climate and weather. d: describe the processes that change rocks.

Chapter 14 Study Guide.

Earthquake Notes.

Earthquakes Chapter 11.

Faults Fault Line.

Earthquakes Waves and Faults.

CH. 14 Vocabulary test study guide

Do Now Describe the last earthquake you can remember. (location, strength, time of day, how it felt, etc.) Where do earthquakes occur? Why do earthquakes.

Earthquakes Chapter 11.

Whole Lot of Shaking Going On

Presentation transcript:

Seismology

I. Earthquakes Rocks will bend and stretch up to a limit undergoing elastic deformation. A fault is created when the rock finally breaks. An earthquake is the vibrations produced by the breaking of the rock.

A. Types of Faults Normal Faults Tensional forces pull the rock apart. Rock above the fault surface moves downward compared to the rock below the fault surface.

2. Reverse Fault Compression forces squeeze the rock. Rock above the fault surface moves upward and over the rock below the fault surface.

3. Strike-Slip Fault Shear forces tear the rock. Rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without upward or downward movement.

B. Seismic Waves Waves generated by earthquakes that travel through the Earth. 1. Origin of Seismic Waves a.) Focus- the point where the energy is first released. Below the surface along the fault. b.) Epicenter- point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus

Fault line Epicenter Focus

2. Types of Seismic Waves a.) Primary Waves (P-Waves) Particles in the rock move back and forth in the same direction the wave is traveling. Travels trough solids, liquids, & gases Fastest seismic waves

b.) Secondary Waves (S-Waves) Particles in the rock move up and down at right angles to the direction of wave travel. Travels through solids only.

c.) Surface Waves (L-Waves) Particles in the rock move in a backward, rolling motion and a side-to-side, swaying motion. Causes the most damage. Originate from the epicenter.

3. Locating an Epicenter a.) Seismograph Register the waves & record the time that each arrived.

Seismogram L Waves P Waves S Waves 1 min Time between P & S waves = 3 minutes Time for entire quake = 8 minutes

Data from three separate stations are required to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The epicenter distance is figured out using the time difference between the P & S waves graph.

II. Earthquake Activity A. Magnitude The amount of energy released in an earthquake. Richter Scale- a numeric scale used to describe the strength (magnitude) of an earthquake. Mercalli Scale- scale that describes the amount of damage.

B. Liquefaction Wet soil can be strong most of the time, but the shaking from an earthquake can cause it to act like a liquid. This causes soil to sink into the ground and cause things to collapse.

C. Tsunamis Under water earthquakes cause the water to shake forming large waves. Seismic sea waves Wave crests can reach 30m in height by the time it reaches shore.