Ch Waves & Sound I. Characteristics of Waves Waves

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 14 - Waves & Sound I. Characteristics of Waves Waves Transverse waves Longitudinal waves Measuring waves

A. Waves Waves rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space Medium material through which a wave transfers energy solid, liquid, gas, or combination electromagnetic waves don’t need a medium (e.g. visible light)

A. Waves Two Types: Longitudinal Transverse

B. Transverse Waves Transverse Waves medium moves perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave B. Transverse Waves Wave Anatomy corresponds to the amount of energy carried by the wave wavelength crests amplitude nodes troughs

C. Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal Waves (a.k.a. compressional) medium moves in the same direction as wave motion

C. Longitudinal Waves Wave Anatomy compression wavelength rarefaction Amount of compression corresponds to amount of energy  AMPLITUDE.

D. Measuring Waves Frequency ( f ) # of waves passing a point in 1 second Hertz (Hz) 1 second shorter wavelength  higher frequency  higher energy

v =  × f D. Measuring Waves Velocity ( v ) speed of a wave as it moves forward depends on wave type and medium v =  × f v: velocity (m/s) : wavelength (m) f: frequency (Hz)

Sonic Boom: occurs when a jet flies faster than the speed of sound due to compressions waves that stack up until the molecules in the wave explode away from the source. http://youtu.be/gWGLAAYdbbc

Doppler Effect As an ambulance comes toward you, the wavelengths are compressed in front of the ambulance (shorter wavelength leads to higher pitch). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoxDcn2Sgo http://youtu.be/h4OnBYrbCjY

Doppler Effect diagram

Words associated with waves that you should know: http://youtu.be/mh3o8gUu4AE 15 minute video

Standing Wave Occurs when there is continuous interference of equal but opposite amplitude. The wave appears to be standing still. http://youtu.be/RUpjYDteYcg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18BL7MKjtZM

D. Measuring Waves f v  GIVEN: WORK: v = ? v =  × f EX: Find the velocity of a wave in a wave pool if its wavelength is 3.2 m and its frequency is 0.60 Hz. GIVEN: v = ?  = 3.2 m f = 0.60 Hz WORK: v =  × f v = (3.2 m)(0.60 Hz) v = 1.92 m/s  v f

D. Measuring Waves f v  GIVEN: WORK:  = 417 m f = v ÷  EX: An earthquake produces a wave that has a wavelength of 417 m and travels at 5000 m/s. What is its frequency? GIVEN:  = 417 m v = 5000 m/s f = ? WORK: f = v ÷  f = (5000 m/s) ÷ (417 m) f = 12 Hz  v f