Immigration Immigration laws Assimilation Illegal immigration "Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen." -Michael Jordan

Test 2 Results +1 point for all students 18) Rob is in high school. He sees a chance to steal $5.00 that his teacher dropped on the floor, but then he imagines how his teacher and parents would react. He decides not to steal the money. This situation illustrates. A) Control theory- inner controls preventing someone from breaking the law B) Control theory- outer controls preventing someone from breaking the law C) 40 Developmental Assets D) Commitment to conventional goals +1 point for all students

Test 2 Results MW A 21-18 points B 17-16 points C 15-14 points D F 11 or less points 18 students* 8 students 12 students 5 students *5 students with perfect scores (20/20) *2 Students with 21/20

Test 2 Results TTH A 20-18 points B 17-16 points C 15-14 points D F 11 or less points 22 students* 6 students 10 students 9 students 3 students *5 students with perfect scores (20/20)

“We are more alike, my friends, than we are unalike.” Quote from Poem Human Family by Maya Angelou

Dolores Huerta- Co-founder of United Farm Workers Union

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Immigration

History of Discrimination in Immigration Law Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: excluded Chinese laborers for 10 years Immigration Act of 1921: restrictions Southern and Eastern Europe, quota for each nationality. 1921-discussed in chapter 4’s reading, how immigrants from parts of europe that were different, because of their languages and religious practices began immigrating the government wanted to put restrictions on them, as well as asians Deportation of suspected communists during the red scare 9

History of Discrimination in Immigration Law National Origins Act 1924: Southern Europeans and East Asians and Indians 1950’s eject suspected Communists from the country (usinfo.state.gov) 1921-discussed in chapter 4’s reading, how immigrants from parts of europe that were different, because of their languages and religious practices began immigrating the government wanted to put restrictions on them, as well as asians Deportation of suspected communists during the red scare 10

History of Discrimination in Immigration Law Great Depression: Mexicans and Mexican-Americans faced mass deportation Post World War II: 1954 "Operation Wetback," President Eisenhower, a speculated 1 million Mexicans deported along with their U.S. born children Mass deportation of mexican immigrants, their us born children, and even us citizens who were of mexican decent, or looked mexican 11

Effects of Post 9/11 Security Measures USA Patriot Act of 2001: put immigration under control of Department of Homeland Security 2003: Men from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in US, legal immigrants, had to register for the controversial National Security Entry-Exit Registration System or face deportation. The ethnicity of immigrants was a focus during times of national crisis The treatment of this group of immigrants was denounced not only by numerous human rights groups, but notably by the Office of the Inspector General, a government investigatory body. In a report issued in 2003, the Inspector General characterized the manner in which the arrests were conducted as "indiscriminate and haphazard," resulting in the detention of many immigrants who had "no connection to terrorism."' The report further criticized prolonged incarceration and deliberate denial of access to counsel and family members. At one jail in New Jersey, the investigators documented a "pattern of verbal and physical abuse. Subsequently, in 2002 the government initiated a program entitled "Special Registration." Because the 9/11 terrorists had entered the U.S. on non-immigrant visas, all males between the ages of sixteen and forty-five from designated Arab and Muslim countries who were in the U.S. on non-immigrant visas were required to register annually and answer questions under oath at the Department of Homeland Security" offices. Failure to comply with these rules could result in deportation. In addition, "special registrants" had to notify the government of their departure from the U.S. and could only leave through designated airports. 12

I am a ... First generation immigrant (came to the U.S. not born here) Second generation (parents came to the U.S., born here) Third generation (grandparents came to U.S.) Family has been in the U.S. more than 3 generations

What is assimilation?

Assimilation Robert E. Park’s traditional assimilation theory Milton Gordon’s contemporary views Horace Kallen’s cultural pluralism .

Robert Park’s traditional assimilation model, assimilation occurs after 3 generations. • 1st: struggle to learn the new way of new country, hold on to many aspects of their culture American 16

American According to Robert Park’s traditional assimilation model • 2nd: attend public schools learn English better than parents may move out of ethnically grouped neighborhoods marry someone outside of their race. Still seen as outsiders and may consider themselves outsiders American 17

American Robert Park’s traditional assimilation model • 3rd: grandchildren of immigrants, move completely into mainstream of American life. May learn a few words of grandparents’ language, know a few recipes, or proverbs, but speak mostly English Few questions regarding their nationality American 18

In your opinion or personal experiences has this been true? According to traditional assimilation model, assimilation occurs after 3 generations. • 1st: struggles to learn the new way • 2nd: learn English better than parents, move out of ethnically grouped neighborhoods, marry someone outside of their race. Still seen as outsiders • 3rd: move completely into the mainstream American life. In your opinion or personal experiences has this been true? 19

Criticism of traditional assimilation model Ignores age of entry: children who arrive at young age with parents may feel more like 2nd generation 20

2. Ignores race: Does not accurately describe experiences of non-European groups in America. 21

3. Ignores choice: Voluntary versus involuntary entrance (slavery) effect likelihood of following the 3 generation model 22

Criticism of traditional assimilation model 4. Ignores group size, concentrations, and time of entry 5. Ignores similarity between the cultures 23

Milton Gordon’s Contemporary Views on Assimilation Gordon described 7 different sub processes of assimilation 24

Milton Gordon’s Contemporary Views on Assimilation 1. Cultural (practices and traditions) 2. Structural (schools, jobs, housing, recreational spheres of society) 3. Marital (acceptable partners) 4. Identificational (the group you identify with) 5. Attitudinal (prejudice) 6. Behavioral (discrimination) 7. Civic (political power, representation in politics) assimilation. 25

Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl Italian Cuban Japanese Italian Cuban Japanese Cultural Pluralism America America 26 26

Horace Kallen’s Cultural Pluralism Majority’s culture should not replace minority’s culture But add to it Minority group’s ways should be accepted Should be seen as “Americanized” without disappearing as distinctive groups Italian Cuban Japanese Cultural Pluralism America 27

Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl Which do you feel is better for the United States? Why? Cultural Pluralism 28 28

Milton Gordon’s Contemporary Views on Assimilation Some feel that not all are possible 1. Cultural (practices and traditions) 2. Structural (schools, jobs, housing, recreational spheres of society) 3. Marital (acceptable partners) 4. Identificational (the group you identify with) 5. Attitudinal (prejudice) 6. Behavioral (discrimination) 7. Civic (political power, representation in politics) assimilation. 29

Japanese American Internment During World War II San Francisco April 1942 After Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt ordered that everyone who was one-eighth Japanese or more to “internment camps” with no trials, no crime charge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mr97qyKA2s&feature=related

Ruby Bridges New Orleans, Louisiana 1960, at age 6 First African-American child to attend an all-white elementary school in South http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nrkMxorZT4&feature=related :55

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION Employers-some truly sympathize with illegal immigrants and feel they deserve an opportunity to thrive and be successful, while some are thinking solely of profit, and looking for the cheapest labor possible, some say it is difficult to get American citizens to take the jobs that illegal immigrants perform Opponents have 2 main arguments, taxes and jobs. Economic Impact Taxes-Illegal immigrant require government services. Their children attend public schools. When they get sick, they go to public hospitals. Many studies, however, have found that the undocumented immigrants pay more in payroll taxes—income taxes and Social Security—than the costs of these services. Undocumented immigrants also pay local taxes, but local government officials complain that local government pays for the services that undocumented immigrants need and the federal government collects the bulk of the taxes that they pay. Jobs-No hard statistics have been produced that show how seriously American workers are hurt by illegal immigrants taking jobs they could fill. Supporters are those who once again sympathize with the struggle for economic success of illegal immigrants and feel laws should be enacted to allow illegal immigrants to work legally in the united states. 32

Terms Immigrant does not = illegal immigrant Illegal immigrants also called undocumented workers/ undocumented students Remember immigrant does not =Latino/a

Read Article on Immigration Solutions (1) More border control. (2) Prevent employers from hiring undocumented immigrants. (3) Withhold government services from unauthorized immigrants. (4) Grant workers a path to gain citizenship or work permits. (5) Give police the authority and responsibility to identify illegal immigrants (Arizona SB 1070) Solutions? Regardless of your view, pretty much everyone agrees that the issue of illegal immigration must be addressed. (1) This would entail further beefing up the Border Patrol and perhaps even calling on National Guard troops to help out. (2) This would entail stiffening punishments on employers, particularly repeat offenders. Assets from a business could be forfeited to the government. Some current policies being proposed urge the creation of a fraud-resistant federal identity card for every person legally in the United States or a database listing all eligible workers. Opponents argue that punishing employers would hurt business and start making employers reluctant to hire minorities. (3). This would entail passing laws requiring public schools, hospitals, and welfare offices to require proof of citizenship or legal residency before permitting persons to use non emergency public services. Supporters believe that this would relieve taxpayers from paying for services for undocumented immigrants. Opponents argue that this would do nothing to stop illegal immigration, that it would send children into the streets and leave dangerous diseases undiagnosed, and that the Supreme Court has declared such laws unconstitutional in Plyler v. Doe (1982). (4) Grant an amnesty and give workers a path to gain citizenship. Undocumented workers already in the United States would be given a work permit on showing that they have no criminal record and after a period of years, they would be given the opportunity to get permit resident status and eventually citizenship. Supporters say that these people have entered illegally mainly because our immigration system is broken. They argue that these workers should get a chance to earn citizenship. Opponents argue that granting an amnesty has been tried before and only encourages more illegal immigration. 34

Have a great spring break For next class, read the article “Immigration Solutions” Prepare to discuss A 21-18 points B 17-16 points C 15-14 points D 13-12 points F 11 or less points 18 students* 8 students 12 students 5 students *5 students with perfect scores (20/20) *2 Students with 21/20