OCCASIONS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING SPEECH110 C.Shore  Fall 2015 East San Gabriel Valley, ROP 1

Learning Objectives 16.1: Explain how the nature of the speaking occasion and the purpose influence the speech. 16.2: Prepare a speech characterized by decorum, or “fittingness to the occasion.” 16.3: Explain the nature of deliberative speaking and develop various deliberative speeches. 16.4: Explain the nature of ceremonial speaking and develop various kinds of ceremonial speeches 16.5: Develop types of speeches that combine deliberative and ceremonial elements. 2

16.1: Fitting Your Speech to the Occasion Influence of the occasion –Three premises Occasions are specific –Forensic, deliberative, ceremonial Occasions create constraints (e.g. expectations) Creative and strategic choices –Heterogeneity (p. 95) 3

16.2: Fitting Your Speech to the Occasion Decorum (“Fittingness to the occasion”) – Formality –Length –Intensity –Supporting material –Identification Identify purpose –Provide new info or perspective –Agenda setting –Creating +/- feeling –Strengthen/Weaken commitment –Conversion –Inducing a specific action 4

16.3: Forensic Speaking Past tense Occurs in a court of law Concerned w/ establishing justice Debate teams 5

16.3: Deliberative Speaking The Nature of Deliberative Speaking –Future tense –“What shall we do?” –A decision is required Community service and involvement –Public forum (POV) Oral reports and presentations –Organization is key 6

16.3: Deliberative Speaking Group presentations –Group reports Symposiums –Small groups Groupthink Chairing a meeting –Chair –Parliamentary procedure –Motions 7

16.3: Deliberative Speaking Public hearings and debates –Providing testimony –Debates Responding to questions –Loaded questions –Questions posing a false dilemma Republican or Democrat? –Divide complex questions –Enhance your ethos by your responses 8

16.4: Ceremonial Speaking The nature of ceremonial speaking  Present tense  Reaffirms community bonds  Speaker echoes audience feelings  Resonance  Creates a presence  Enhances awareness and salience 9

16.4: Ceremonial Speaking Speeches of greeting –Introductions Goals Rules –Speech of welcome Establish upbeat and positive tone Identify common bond Honor the guest 10

16.4: Ceremonial Speaking Speeches of tribute –Presenting a testimonial Honor persons accomplishments –Delivering a eulogy Use a positive tone Magnify strengths Cite virtuous examples –Delivering a toast –Speaking at a roast 11

16.4: Ceremonial Speaking Commemorative celebrations –Remember important events –Presented on the event’s anniversary Speeches marking awards –Presentation speeches either Acceptance speeches –Express gratitude for the honor –Thank people who helped you –Emphasize award’s value –Keep it brief 12

16.4: Ceremonial Speaking Speeches marking awards –Presentation speeches either Establish importance of award Establish someone’s achievement Acceptance speeches –Express gratitude for the honor –Thank people who helped you –Emphasize award’s value –Keep it brief 13

16.5: Speeches Combining Deliberative and Ceremonial Goals Keynote speeches –Unite and define the members –Set the meeting’s agenda –Must be multivocal Pep talks –Unite and define the members –Sets the meeting’s agenda –Must be multivocal 14

16.5: Speeches Combining Deliberative and Ceremonial Goals After-dinner speeches –Light hearted and humorous Commencement speeches –Challenge and inspire graduates Speeches marking candidacy and election –Nominating speeches –Acceptance of candidacy –Inaugural addresses 15

Activity Chris Christie at Iowa State Fair: chris-christie-iowa-state- fair_55d8e48ce4b0a40aa3ab32ae chris-christie-iowa-state- fair_55d8e48ce4b0a40aa3ab32ae What strategic choices did Gov. Christie make? What aspects of decorum are present in this clip? 16

Take Away 16.1: Explain how the nature of the speaking occasion and the purpose influence the speech. –Occasion: Forensic, Deliberative, Ceremonial, expectations –Purpose: Inform, persuade, entertain 16.2: Prepare a speech characterized by decorum, or “fittingness to the occasion.” –Formality, Length, Intensity, Supporting material, Identification 16.3: Explain the nature of deliberative speaking and develop various deliberative speeches. –Future tense –Includes presentations, group comm., meetings, debates, Q&A 17

Take Away 16.4: Explain the nature of ceremonial speaking and develop various kinds of ceremonial speeches –Present tense –Includes: Greetings, tributes, awards 16.5: Develop types of speeches that combine deliberative and ceremonial elements –Inspire and challenge –Includes: Keynotes, after dinner, commencement, candidacy 18