I am heavy forward, but backward I'm not. What am I? D R E J A L W O F U P H T C N
American Progress – John Gast 1872
1.Growing influence of Abolitionists 2. Growth of Republican Party- new political party that is opposed to the expansion of slavery out west. 3. Election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (Republican)- southern fear that he will want to end slavery/their way of life. 4. Failure to Compromise anymore ….
Missouri Compromise – 1818, Maine created as a free state, Missouri = Slave state – South of 36⁰30’ latitude in Louisiana territory would be open to slavery Compromise of 1850 California = free state Utah and New Mexico = let people decide Slave trade prohibited in D.C. Fugitive slave law – what’s a fugitive?
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Created Kansas and Nebraska territories Repealed the rule Citizens vote ----What is that called? Popular Sovereignty - How might this act create more tension and even violence? Bleeding Kansas! “If the people of Kansas want a slaveholding state, let them have it, and if they want a free state they have a right to it, and it is not for the people of Illinois, or Missouri, or New York, or Kentucky, to complain, whatever the decision of Kansas may be” – Stephen Douglas
John Brown leads 21 men to create an “uprising” at the federal arsenal Instead, caught and put to death but… “made the gallows as glorious as a cross” North views him as hero South views him and other abolitionists as threat Start building an army!
Who do you think these guys are? What are they doing?... Why?
Owner took him from Missouri (slave state) to Illinois and Wisconsin (free states) then back to Missouri. – So is he free or slave now? Supreme court rules against him – he isn’t a citizen so he couldn’t even sue the federal court Violates 5 th Amendment…? So…? Creates more tension! North thinks Supreme court is influenced by southerners, southerners excited the case guarantees extension of slavery
Slavery was immoral but did not expect people to give it up unless Congress abolished it with an amendment Stop spread of slavery Won less than half of popular vote and no electoral votes from south.
The more you take the more you leave behind… What am I? S F M O A T G P C S T W E O
South Carolina secedes 1 st Become the “Confederate States of America” Capital = Richmond, Virginia President = Jefferson Davis Notice how far the capitals are away from each other…
Battle of Gettysburg July 1863, 3-day battle Union Victory “Turning point” Over 51,000 deaths Gettysburg Address – November – “Remade” America
November
Emancipation Proclamation – September 1862
War Ends Union engages in “total war” - use of all political, military, economic energies to conduct a war Sherman’s March to the Sea – “Scorched Earth” – South loses resources, men are hungry and demoralized Lee surrenders at Appomattox – April 1865 – Generous terms of surrender – Why?
Casualties
The war being at an end, the southern states having laid down their arms, and the questions at issue between them and the northern states having been decided, I believe it to be the duty of everyone to unite in the restoration of the country and the reestablishment of peace and harmony. – Robert E. Lee April, 1865
Lincoln Assassinated 5 days after surrender – April 14, 1865 Ford Theater Shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth – Confederate Sympathizer 1 st presidential assassination
13 th Amendment – December 1865 …Neither Slaver nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist with the United States… 14 th (1866) – States can not deny rights and privileges to any U.S. citizen….U.S. citizen = any person born or naturalized in the United States 15 th (1870) – “no person can be kept from voting because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”