Get out your notebooks and be ready.

Warm-up for Monday, Sept. 21 Add these vocab words and their definitions to your notebook. code Hammurabi cuneiform An organized list of laws and rules The king of Babylon from about 1792 to 1750 BC, creator of the Babylonian Empire Groups of wedges and lines used to write several languages of the Fertile Crescent

Before we read 1. Someone was herding some oxen down the street and an ox gored a religious leader. 2. A farmer used his irrigation ditches to water his crops, but was careless and accidentally flooded his neighbor’s field, destroying the crop. 3. A teenage boy punched his dad. HOW WOULD YOU DEAL WITH THESE SITUATIONS? Write a full-sentence answer for each situation in your notebook.

Warm-up for Tuesday, Sept. 22 Fill in each blank with a vocab word. YES, YOU MUST WRITE THE WHOLE SENTENCE. 1. _________ script could be used to represent different languages. 2. ___________’s Code contained 282 laws organized in different categories. 3. A written ______ helps people know what is expected of them and what punishment they will receive if they disobey a law.

The Fertile Crescent

1. How did Mesopotamia’s geography contribute to the growth of civilization? a) Mesopotamia’s location in the desert made it difficult to grow crops. b) Because they were isolated by being on an island, the people of Mesopotamia could not exchange ideas with other cultures. c) Mesopotamia’s location between two rivers made it ideal for farming. d) Mesopotamia’s location between two rivers made it a tourist destination.

2. “The Assyrians invented the battering ram to tear down city walls. They trained people to hurl stones with slings, and they created special armor to protect their archers. They also perfected the skill of fighting while on horse-drawn chariots.” What can you conclude about the Assyrians from this passage? a) They were inexperienced warriors. b) They liked inventing new things. c) They disliked fighting. d) They had fought many wars.

3. “Sumerian priests washed the statues of the gods before and after each meal was offered. Music sounded and incense burned as huge plates of food were laid before them. In most ancient religions, the food was often eaten after it was presented to the gods. Perhaps the worshippers thought that by eating the offering, they would be taking in the qualities they admired in the gods.” Which conclusion can you reach, based on the passage? a) The Sumerians were not as intelligent as modern people. b) Only priests were allowed into temples. c) The Sumerians did not like to waste food. d) Religious ceremonies were important to the Sumerians.

4. What was the purpose of Hammurabi’s Code? a) To create a harsher set of rules so that people would fear Hammurabi b) To create a written set of laws so that everyone knew what was expected of them c) To change the legal system so that judges had more control d) To keep the laws a secret, because nobody could break the code

5. In cuneiform script, each symbol represented a word, so a) only a few highly educated people could read and write. b) it was easy to learn. c) it was very similar to modern English. d) it developed over time.

Warm-up for Thursday, Sept. 24 alphabet monotheism famine exile A set of symbols that represent the sounds of language The belief in one god A time when there is so little food that many people starve To force someone to live in another country

Mediterranean Civilizations Where is Phoenicia? What natural resources did the Phoenicians have? How did they use them? Phoenicia is on the western edge of the Middle East, on the Mediterranean Sea coast. They had limited resources. They did not have great farm land. They had Dense cedar forests A seashore with snail shells They used the cedar to build ships. The snail shells produced purple dye.

Mediterranean Civilizations How did the Phoenicians use these resources? Mediterranean coast + big sturdy ships = sea trade! The Phoenicians sold purple-dyed cloth all over the Mediterranean. No one else had purple dye, so they were able to charge very high prices. They sailed all over the Med. Sea and out to the Atlantic Ocean. They came back with scary stories of sea monsters so no one else would compete with them for trade in the Atlantic.

Mediterranean Civilizations

What kind of things did the Phoenicians trade for? Trade brought valuable goods from around the Mediterranean. In the bazaars of Phoenicia, people could buy food from faraway places, including figs olives honey spices Also, strange animals like giraffes and warthogs from Africa and bears from Europe!

Mediterranean Civilization What else is important about the Phoenicians? They invented the alphabet. Their alphabet forms the basis of the alphabet used in many languages today, including English! They only had consonants in their alphabet, with just 22 symbols.

Mediterranean Civilization What’s so great about the alphabet? Before: highly educated scribes could write. one symbol for every word—thousands of symbols! After: many more people could learn to write one symbol for every sound—only 22 symbols It simplified trade between people who spoke different languages. Trade helped the alphabet spread, and the alphabet helped trade!

Warm-up for Friday, Sept. 25 Unlike the English ____________, which has 26 letters, the Phoenician one has 22 letters. The Israelites, unlike most other Mesopotamians, practiced ______________. Because of ___________, the Israelites fled to Egypt. The Assyrians sent the Israelites into ____________ in distant parts of their empire.

Partner Reading Read Section 4: The Israelites with your partner. When you’re finished, answer the comprehension questions (1a,b,c, 2a,b,c) in complete sentences in your notebook.

Next Week Origins of Judaism Complete graphic organizer & review Test Wednesday