January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison 85th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting Third Presidential History Symposium Terri Gregory, Tom Achtor, Tom Haig (ret.), Jean Phillips, Hank Revercomb Space Science and Engineering Center, UW–Madison From Earth’s Heat Budget to Interferometric Analysis: The Legacy of Verner Suomi and Robert Parent

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Pioneers: Robert Parent, Verner Suomi

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison

Main Streams Instruments –Heat (Energy) Budget –Space Flight Hardware Data –Make Useful— Develop Algorithms –Analyze –Visualize

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Time Frames The beginning, from about 1959–1972 From about 1972–1995 What we’re working on now

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments, Beginning Heat budget –Radiation sensors –Flatplate radiometer Spin-scan camera

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments 1959—Radiation Sensors On Explorer VII satellite Provided useful new data on the global radiation budget

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments—Spin-scan Camera Spin-scan camera on ATS-I Begun in 1965, launched 1966 Enabled the first geostationary weather observations

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Satellite Meteorology Begins Analysis of imagery Algorithm development Numerical model development Data—1969

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—Late 1960s Color negative format Disseminated world-wide

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—late 1960s Planetary Meteorology Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mariner images of Venus

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—1971 First Analysis Software—WINDCO Fast, useful, inexpensive, accurate Atmospheric motion measurements

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison The Middle Years, 1972~1992 Instrument development  Heat budget  Altimeter  BLIS  GOES VAS  Interferometry Software (data) developments  McIDAS  Vis5D

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments Middle Period, Beginning 1971—Inexpensive radio altimeter for Tropical Wind Energy Conversion and Reference Level Experiment 1974—Boundary Layer Instrument for GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments—Middle Period Space Flight Hardware  1974—Orbiting Solar Observatory-8  1990—Hubble Space Telescope High Speed Photometer  1993—Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer  1978—Pioneer Venus, Net Flux Radiometer  1989—Galileo Net Flux Radiometer

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments—1980 Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder Sounder in geostationary orbit Launched on GOES-4 Measured atmospheric moisture and temperature

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments,1980s to present Interferometers  HIS, concept proven in 1985  AERI  Scanning HIS

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments—1990s Calibrating NASA Instruments

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—1970s and Forward SSEC Data Center 1974, first nongovernmental ground station for geostationary satellite data 1977, World Weather Experiment (FGGE), archive satellite wind vectors from cloud heights 1979, became national archive for GOES data 1990, Active Data Archive in EOS Data and Information System

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data, 1980–2000+ Scientific Visualization McIDAS—Man computer Interactive Data Access System Vis5D—Scientific Visualization in 5 Dimensions

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—1980s McIDAS Videointeractive Data acquisition Data analysis

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—1980s and 1990s Vis5D Space (three D) Time Atmospheric parameter

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—from 1980s Planetary Meteorology Analysis of Voyager images began in 1980 Ground-based and HST imagery analysis began

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Cloud shadows on Neptune Data—1980s Planetary Meteorology

Data, 1990s

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data—Early 1990s HIS Spectra

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Now Data Instruments Also –Thriving Polar Studies –Antarctic Meteorological Research Center –Ice Coring and Drilling Service

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Global Winds, 2000

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Vision of our Future Advancing Earth Systems Science, Weather, and Climate with New Observing, Retrieval Science, Computing & Modeling Techniques –Sirice –Data processing for High-latitude Winds from Molniya Orbit High spectral resolution and many channel imagers are here to stay –AIRS/ CrIS / IASI, GIFTS / ABS, & MODIS/VIRS

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison High Resolution Winds

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison The Future, Continued Visualization –McIDAS V Planetary Meteorology and Space Flight Hardware –Venus mission with Aerostats –Missing Baryon Explorer

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison GIFTS—Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer Global sounding in <10 minutes High-resolution sounding of 6000 x 6000 km in < 30 min

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Data

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Instruments

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison I want to thank … Margaret Mooney, SSEC outreach specialist, formerly with the National Weather Service, for listening and guiding Tim Schmit, NOAA/NESDIS at SSEC, for explaining technical details My coauthors who thought this topic was interesting enough to pursue Staff of the Space Science and Engineering Center and Professor Verner E. Suomi, without whom I wouldn’t have a story

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison References “The Man computer Interactive Data Access System,” Lazzara et al., BAMS, February 1999 “SSEC and Satellites,” Gregory, Space Capsule, Spring and Winter 1986, publ. SSEC “SSEC Highlights,” Gregory et al.,1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, publ. on line “SSEC Milestones,” Fox and Gregory, unpublished “Weather in the Solar System,” Limaye, 2002, unpublished