CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE Terms To Know Prokaryote: Simple cells that have no nucleus Eukaryote: Complex cells, with a nucleus and many organelles Unicellular: Organisms made of one cell Multicellular: Organisms made of two or more cells Autotroph: Producers who make their own food Heterotroph: Consumers who get energy from other sources besides themselves

3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms

Taxonomy: The science of identifying and classifying into related groups Taxon: a group

Taxa Did king Philip come over for grape soda?

Binomial Nomenclature A two-word scientific name assigned to every species Assigned by the Genus species Examples: Homo sapiens Acer rubrum Panthera tigris Genus is always capitalized, species is lower case Acer rubrum: red maple Panthera tigris: tiger

3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms

Bacteria All of the unicellular prokaryotes Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Examples: Streptococcus, E-Coli, Cyanobacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/img/p-moneran.jpg

Eubacteria vs. Archaebacteria (2 separate domains and kingdoms) Contain most types of bacteria Found in nearly all conditions Archaebacteria Found in unusual conditions: volcanic vents and hot springs Have unusual lipids in their cell membranes http://facstaff.uww.edu/wentzl/blacksmoker.jpg

E-Coli (Eubacteria)

Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep Throat) Eubacteria

Kingdom Protista Typically unicellular Many of the exceptions to the rules You’ll know it’s a Protista if it doesn’t fit any other category  Cell walls in some, some have chloroplasts Most unicellular, some multi-cellular Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba

Paramecium

Slime Molds http://www.sitkanature.org/bloguploads/2006/07-30slimemold2.jpg http://www.freewebs.com/slimemold/sm5.bmp

Kingdom Fungi Heterotrophs with cell walls Most are multi-cellular (mushrooms) but some are unicellular (yeast)

Mushrooms http://www.adnet.ie/blogs/media/mushroom.jpg

Club Fungi http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/CazImages/Basidiomycetes_small.jpg

Kingdom Plantae Multicellular autotrophs with cell walls

Mosses http://www.olympicsuitesinn.com/images/hall_of_mosses_400.jpg

Ferns http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/define-ferns-1.jpg

Flowering Plants http://www.cumbavac.org/yellowdaisy.jpg

Trees http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/tip/2005/may6/trees-web.jpg

Kingdom Animalia Multicellular heterotrophs with no cell walls

Coral http://www.ryanphotographic.com/images/JPEGS/Sponges%20vertical.jpg

Insects http://www.amonline.net.au/insects/images/site/insect1.jpg

Fish http://www.fishtankba.com/images/fish_A01.jpg

Birds

Amphibians and Reptiles

Mammals http://climateprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/12/polar-bear-tongue.jpeg http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2006/02/09/svPOLAR_narrowweb__300x447,0.jpg

Viruses Viruses are not listed because viruses are not living! Viruses are a piece of DNA or RNA contained by protein; they are not cells. Viruses require a cell from one of the kingdoms above to reproduce.

Representing Evolutionary Relationships: Phylogenetic Tree: Scientific tree showing evolutionary history - shows relationships thought to exist between groups or organisms

Representing Evolutionary Relationships: Cladogram: Uses shared derived traits Derived traits indicate divergence from a common ancestor