How Organisms are Classified Chapter 2, lesson 2 How Organisms are Classified

Living things Living things are more like other living things than they are like non-living things. Ex. A tree is more like a cat than a car They can also be very different from each other. Ex. Cat and shark and plant

Living things Scientists divide the world of living things into five groups = kingdoms Plant Animal Protist Fungi Monera

Living things Classified (grouped) based on how they are alike The study of living things = biology Science of classifying organisms based on the features they share = taxonomy.

The Plant Kingdom Examples: trees, ferns, grasses, and mosses

Plants Plants can’t move from place to place.

Plants Plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and minerals. Photosynthesis

Plants All plants have many cells. Cells organized into tissues and organs. Many plants have organs = Roots Stem Leaves

The Animal Kingdom Examples: humans, dogs, fish, coral, sponges, insects, birds, lizards, frogs.

Animals Animals can’t make their own food. They get their food by eating plants or other animals that eat plants.

Animals Most animals move around from place to place (at least one point in their life). They move to get food, find shelter, escape danger, find a mate, during reproduction.

Animals All animals have many cells. Cells form tissues in all animals (except sponges) In most animals, tissues form organs. Heart, lungs, stomach, brain

The Protist Kingdom When biologists used a microscope, they discovered tiny organisms. Microorganisms – organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. These organisms didn’t fit into the plant or animal kingdom.

Protist Most have only one cell, a few have many cells. Divided into the plant-like protists, animal-like protists, and both animal and plant-like protists.

Plant-like Protists Plant like protists – algae Make their own food (like plants) Can’t move from place to place (like plants) Live in lakes, streams, rivers, ponds, and oceans.

Plant like Protists Algae are the food for the organisms that live in the waters of the world. Green film on top of ponds = algae Larger algae = seaweed Al.so produce sugars (food) that other organisms use (photosynthesis)

Animal-like Protists Animal-like protists – protozoans Get food – absorb food from other sources. Moves from place to place. Methods of movement Cilia Flagella pseudopod

Methods of movement Cilia: hair like structures that beat like boat paddles.---move materials

Methods of Movement Flagellum (flagella): whip like structure, a tail that moves back and forth---movement

Methods of Movement Pseudopoda: a false foot that amoebas push out to move.

Protists Protists live in water, soil, and bodies of animals. Ex. Paramecium, amoebas, giardia Most are harmless some cause disease – giardia.

Plant and animal like protists Make their own food when sunlight is present. Get or absorb food when sunlight is not present.

The Fungi Kingdom

The Fungi Kingdom Most have many cells Don’t move around by themselves Absorb food from other organisms Fungi release special chemicals on dead plants and animals. Chemicals break down, or decompose, the matter. Fungi absorbs the decomposed matter.

Fungi Some of the decomposed matter gets in the soil and other organisms can use it. Some fungi are parasites – absorb food from living organisms. Can harm plants: Dutch elm disease. Can harm animals – ringworm Examples: mushroom and mold.

The Monera Kingdom Monera = alone Only one kind of organism in this kingdom = Bacteria

Monera Usually single (one) celled Some can move and get food. Some don’t move and they make their own food. Cells of monerans are unlike other kingdoms in that:

They don’t have organelles! Monera They don’t have organelles!

Monera Some cause disease – strep throat Most are harmless or even beneficial (helpful). Decompose (break down) animal and plant remains. Used to make cheese and yogurt. Clean up chemical spills – eat chemicals and turn them into something less harmful.