The School Of Forest Resources Building University Park, Pennsylvania Chris Hoyman The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering Lighting/Electrical Option

Thesis Outline Lighting Depth –Atrium –Videoconference Room –Aquaculture Lab –Meadow Electrical Depth –Impact of New Lighting Design –Distribution Analyses Acoustic Breadth –Videoconference Room Reverberation Times Structural Breadth –Atrium Beam Design

Presentation Outline Lighting Depth –Atrium –Videoconference Room Acoustic Breadth –Videoconference Room Reverberation Times

Lighting Depth-Atrium Atrium Overview: –Four-floor central circulation space –One of the primary architectural features of the building Functions: –Circulation –Meeting place –Architectural Experience

Lighting Depth-Atrium Goals of New Design: –Provide an inviting main entrance –Create an environment that will induce people to admire the space –Highlight some of the natural wood finishes –Provide adequate light levels Recommended Illuminances: –10 fc horizontal –3 fc vertical

Lighting Depth-Atrium Atrium First Floor Lighting Plan

Lighting Depth-Atrium Atrium Third Floor Lighting Plan (Corridor section typical to floors two and four)

Lighting Depth-Atrium Design Implementation –2’x2’ recessed parabolic fixtures in corridor area Throw light sideways while shielding direct view of lamps –Suspended “Artichoke” fixtures Brings light to the center of the atrium Large fixture fits with scale of the space Organic appearance add natural element to lighting Direct view of lamp shielded –Surface mounted accent lights Highlight hardwood ceiling

Lighting Depth-Atrium Power Density –ASHRAE 90.1 Allowable Power Density: 0.60 W/sq.ft. for the first three floors of an atrium, 0.20 W/sq.ft. for each additional floor. –The total power use in the new design is 2823 W, spread over 4930 sq. ft. The total power density = 0.57 W/sq. ft. Power density requirement met

Lighting Depth-Atrium Illuminance Levels

Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering from fourth floor looking down

Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering from outside looking into the second floor

Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering of the second floor

Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering of the first floor from the entrance

Lighting Depth-Atrium Rendering from the fourth floor

Lighting Depth-Atrium Ceiling illuminance levels from the accent lights

Lighting Depth-Atrium Design Analysis –Suspended fixtures enhance the architectural experience with their organic look –Hardwood ceiling highlighted to capture attention –An average of horizontal fc and 5.42 vertical fc was provided, both slightly above the target levels –Power density requirements were met

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Overview: –Located on second floor –Multi-use space Functions: –Videoconferences –Presentations –Conferences

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Goals of New Design: –Address the lighting requirements of the camera used for videoconferencing –Increase the performance of the videoconference lighting system –Provide general room lighting for non- videoconference settings

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Camera Requirements- more than just illuminance levels: –Recommended Reflectances Ceiling % Area behind participants % Table % Floor- 20% minimum –Recommended Illuminance Levels: Table horizontal fc Face vertical fc Back wall fc –Recommended Luminance Ratios: Face to background- 3:1 –Lamp CCT K- improves skin tone for camera

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room New design begins with changing the room: –Moved storage closet –Eliminated second door Recommended room dimensions: 20’-25’ x 25’-30’

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room New table layout –Everyone within the camera’s 60° horizontal field of view –Similar focal lengths for all people, minimizes refocusing Ceiling and sidewalls are eliminated from the camera’s view –Reduces amount of data processed –Prevents glare from luminaires

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Lighting Plan

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Design Implementation –2’x2’ recessed parabolic fixtures for general room lighting Provides uniform illumination on the work plane –Recessed VC fixtures provide directional illumination on the face and table Shielded to eliminate direct glare –Recessed 1’x4’ fixtures provide back and side lighting on the participants –Wall washers provide background illumination Dimmable for adaptability –Blackout shades over windows Prevent camera from seeing bright exterior

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Power Density –ASHRAE 90.1 Allowable Power Density: 1.3 W/ sq. ft. for conference rooms –The total power use in the new design is 1539 W, spread over 720 sq. ft. The total power density = 2.13 W/sq. ft. Power density requirement exceeded, but offset by savings in other rooms, so allowable under 90.1

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference General Lighting Illuminance Levels The IES recommends 50 fc horizontal for general conference rooms

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference General Lighting

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference General Lighting

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference Lighting (from camera’s view)

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Setting Illuminance Values, Wall washers at Full Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Setting Illuminance Values, Wall washers at Half Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Videoconference Setting Luminance Values, Wall washers at Half Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Rendering of Videoconference Setting, Wall washers at Half Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Design Analysis –Camera Requirements: Recommended Reflectances –Ceiling %  76% –Area behind participants %  48% (beige shades) –Table %  44% –Floor- 20% minimum  20% Recommended Illuminance Levels: –Table horizontal fc  95 fc –Face vertical fc  75 fc –Back wall fc  40 fc at half-output Recommended Luminance Ratio: –Face to background- 3:1  2:1 with wall washers at half-output, dimming further allows 3:1

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room Design Analysis –Camera requirements addressed and met –System performance during videoconferences improved over original –General lighting system provides adequate lighting levels for other room functions

Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room A reverberation time analysis of the videoconference room was performed: –Reverberation time influences speech intelligibility Too high- cave-like, echoing space Too low- space seems dead –Both situations reduce intelligibility, critical in a conference room setting –Target time: seconds at all frequencies

Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room T 60 Calculation FrequencySwood αwScαcSwall αwSfαfSgαgΣSαT Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Reverberation times are above the recommended range at low frequencies. The use of fibrous materials behind a perforated panel facing was analyzed, since it is absorptive at low frequencies T 60 = (V / (ΣSα))

Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room T 60 Calculation After adding three sections of paneling (192 sq. ft.) the reverberation times at all frequencies will be within the desired range. This paneling will be on the side walls, out of camera view. FrequencySwall αwSpanelsαpΣSαT Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz

Conclusions The goals of the new design were satisfied: –New lighting systems delivered adequate illumination at acceptable power densities –New fixtures enhance the spaces architecturally –Addition of acoustic paneling will improve speech intelligibility in the videoconference room

Acknowledgements Thanks to Dr. Mistrick and Professor Parfitt for all their help, along with the rest of the faculty Friends and Family

Thank You! Questions or Comments?