Critical Issue Presentation Prescription Drugs Nursing 410 Critical Issue Presentation Good or Bad?

"Fifty Americans die a day from prescription drug overdoses, and more than 6 million suffer from prescription drug abuse disorders. This is a very real epidemic - and warrants a strong public health response," said Andrea Gielen, ScD, Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy.

FACTS Fifty people die every day from opioid prescription painkillers – more deaths than heroin and cocaine overdoses combined. Nearly 15,000 people die every year of overdoses involving prescription painkillers. In 2010, 1 in 20 people in the US (age 12 or older) reported using prescription painkillers for nonmedical reasons in the past year. Enough prescription painkillers were prescribed in 2010 to medicate every American adult around-the-clock for a month. Of the 22,400 drug overdose deaths in the US in 2005 opioid pain killers were the most commonly found drug, accounting for 38.2% of these deaths. Foundation for a Drug Free World, 2006-2014. The truth about prescription drug use. Retrieved on February 2015 from http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/prescription/the-truth-about-drugs.html

What Medications Might You See or Hear About? Depressants Street Names Symptoms Xanax Valium Halcion Librium Ativan Klonopin Seconal Phenobarbital Candy Downers Sleeping Pills Tranks Red Bird Phennies Yellow Jackets Barbs Slows pulse and breathing Sluggishness Drowsiness Slurred speech Confusion Dilated pupils Cravings Anxiety attacks Panic attacks

Rohypnol Street Names Symptoms Rohypnol is a tranquilizer that is 10 times more potent than valium. It comes in either a white or olive green pill, and kids crush it and snort the powder. Forget-me pill Mexican Valium R2 Rope Roofies (date rape drug) The symptoms start 20- 30 minutes after taking the medication, it peaks at 2 hours, but can last 8-12 hours. The drug paralyzes the body and leaves you unable to move, but able to observe the events that are happening at the time, then when you do come around the memory of the event is gone, and you have lost or can not remember what had happened in those hours (amnesia).

Opioids and Morphine Derivatives Street Names Symptoms Captain Cody School Boy Doors and Fours Pancake and Syrup Loads China Girl Jackpot TNT Tango and Cash Murder 8 Demmies Miss Emma Oxycat Hydros Tylenol with Codeine Tylenol #3 Duragesic Patch OxyContin Demerol Dilaudid Percocet Percodan Roxinol Vicodin/hydrocodone Drowsiness Slowed breathing Unconsciousness Coma Nausea Insomnia Restlessness Muscle and bone pain Diarrhea Vomiting Cold flashes with goose bumps (cold turkey)

Stimulants Street Names Symptoms Ritalin Concerta Dexedrine Biphetamine R-ball Skippy Kibbles n bits Vitamin R Speed Truck drivers Bennies Black beauties Uppers Hearts Exhaustion Apathy and depression (the down that follows the up) Hostility Paranoia Increased body temperature Irregular heart rate

Antidepressants Symptoms Study Results Prozac Paxil Effexor Zoloft Celexa Remeron Lexapro Wellbutrin Cymbalta Insomnia Irritability Violet thoughts and actions Agitation Tremors Nervousness Suicidal thought or suicide Hostility Aggression Paranoia Hallucination Akathisia (a painful inner agitation, inability to sit still) 14% of young people taking an antidepressant become agitated and even violent.

Ketamine Street Names Symptoms Ketaset Ketalar Ketalar SV Ketanest Ketanest S Special K K Cat Valium Super C Jet Super Acid Green Increased heartrate Increased blood pressure Nausea Vomiting Numbness Anemia Hallucinations Fatal respiratory problems Cravings for the drug K-Hole (an out of body or near death experience) Can also be used as a date rape drug due to the dream like state it puts the person in, and inability to move.

Over the Counter Street Names Symptoms Robitussin DXM Robo Poor Man’s PCP Visual hallucinations Insomnia Lethargy Drowsiness Slurred speech Sweating Delusions High blood pressure

Second, many adolescents believe that Adolescent abuse of prescription drugs has continued to rise over the past 5 years. The survey found high rates of nonmedical use of the prescription pain relievers Vicodin and OxyContin to be the highest abused prescription drugs. It is believed that 2 factors have led to the increase in abuse. First, the availability of prescription drugs is increasing from many sources, including the family medicine cabinet, the Internet, and doctors. Second, many adolescents believe that prescription drugs are safer to take than street drugs and harder to detect in drug raids. National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Drug of abuse information. Bethesda, MD: NIDA; 2008 March. Retrieved on February 2015 from http://www.drugabuse.gov/tib/prescription.html

Healthy People 2020 Healthy People 2020 was started in 2010 and is a 10 year plan to improve the health of all Americans. At this point there are 42 topic areas with over 1,200 objectives, called Leading Health Indicators. The indicators are used to see the health of the Nation, facilitate collaboration across sectors, and motivate action at the national, State, and community levels to improve the health of the U.S. population. Goal Reduce substance abuse to protect the health, safety, and quality of life for all, especially children Objective SA-19 Reduce the past-year nonmedical use of prescription drugs Healthy People 2020, 2014. Leading health indicators. Retrieved on February 2015 from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/Leading-Health-Indicators

We need to be Proactive NOT Reactive!! Questions? We need to be Proactive NOT Reactive!!

References Foundation for a Drug Free World, 2006-2014. The truth about prescription drug use. Retrieved on February 2015 from http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/prescription/the-truth-about-drugs.html National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Drug of abuse information. Bethesda, MD: NIDA; 2008 March. Retrieved on February 2015 from http://www.drugabuse.gov/tib/prescription.html Healthy People 2020, 2014. Leading health indicators. Retrieved on February 2015 from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/Leading-Health-Indicators National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014. Drug facts: prescription and over-the-counter medications. Retrieved on February 2015 from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/prescription-over-counter-medications