Colonial Growth Chapter 4
Section 1 Life in the Colonies
New England Population Boost Women married early and formed large families Food Source Small farms depended on subsistence farming Subsistence farming: generally produce enough food to meet needs of families
New England Commerce Shipbuilding and Lumber Production Fishing
Middle Passage Shipping of Enslaved Africans from Africa to West Indies Olaudah Equiano- First African American Literature “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano” His narrative caused the British Slave Trade Act in 1807 (ended slavery) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REXNr-PUlnk
Middle Colonies Commerce Cash crops Crops that could be sold into markets in colonies or overseas (wheat & livestock) Milder climate Fertile soil Iron Mills, Lumbering, Mining
Middle Colonies Dori’s Descendant Immigration (1607-1775): Near million people live there Mostly Germans (farmers) Most tolerance toward religions and cultures Dori’s Descendant
Southern Colonies Commerce Plantations! Tobacco Virginia & Maryland First used indentured servants, but then switched w/ slaves Rice Georgia & South Carolina Slaves
Slavery Overseers: Bosses who kept slaves working Slave Codes: Strict Rules over slaves No education Whipped or burned for crimes
Government, Religion, & Culture Section 2 Government, Religion, & Culture
Glorious Revolution Charles II’s son James II attempts to take over supreme power Parliament put James into exile and replaced him with his daughter Mary and husband William of Orange (Dutch man) Elected Representatives more powerful than monarch
Glorious Revolution William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights DBQ TIME
Mercantilism DBQ
Mercantilism Nation’s power wealth England depends on more exports than imports Navigation Acts (1651 & 1673) Colonies could only use English ships Colonies can only trade with England Reaction to Navigation Acts Colonists started to smuggle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxmB2DB10Ts
Charter Colonies Colonies given grants and privileges Elect own governors & members of legislature (Connecticut & Rhode Island)
Proprietary Colonies Ruled by Proprietors Proprietors appointed governors & legislature (Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania)
Royal Colonies Directly ruled by Britain King appointed Governor & council
Voting Rights Only white men with property can vote
Great Awakening “New Birth” (1720s-1740s) Jonathan Edwards- powerful emotional preacher George Whitefield
Family Life Fathers head of households Sons as apprentices to artisans Women were under men’s authority
Education New England had 85% literacy rate of men & 50% women Harvard (Puritans) William and Mary (Anglicans)
Enlightenment Movement that believed knowledge, science, and reason improved society Benjamin Franklin
Section 3 France & Britain Clash
Cause of French-Indian War Ohio River Valley Colonists pushing into French Lands French dislike encroachment
Native Americans French had many allies Only interested to Trade Britain had few Wanted to take land Iroquois Confederacy (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida)
George Washington Attempted to take back Ohio River Valley Led inexperienced militia to take Fort Duquesne
Albany Plan of Union Benjamin’s attempt to unite all colonies under one government Never worked Colonies did not want to give up power
Section 4: The French and Indian War Edward Braddock sent from England with George Washington Marched to Fort Duquesne https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphUZDdMpZA
Seven Years War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klsUToJ8MhY
Pitt Takes Charge Promised Great Britain would pay for supplies of war (Cause of taxation on Colonists after the war)
Fall of New France British take Quebec from France TREATY OF PARIS 1763 Britain gained Canada and lands east of Mississippi from France Britain gained Florida from Spain