Based on Freud Through free-association, dreams, hypnosis etc., the therapist and patient can gain insight and express previously repressed feelings Lying on the couch stereotype Psychoanalysis
Also influenced by Freud Focus on themes across relationships, including childhood experiences Psychodynamic therapy
Maslow and Rodgers Emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth Self-awareness and self-acceptance Focus on: Present and future (rather than past) Conscious thoughts (rather than unconscious) Taking responsibility Growth; “clients” instead of “patients” Humanistic Therapies
Paraphrase Invite Clarification Reflect Feelings
Focuses on removing troubling symptoms Applies learning principles Classical Conditioning Counterconditioning Exposure therapies Systematic desensitization Virtual reality Aversive Conditioning Behavior Therapies
Operant conditioning Token economy Assertiveness training
Nonassertive Aggressive Assertive Situation 1 B A C 2 A C B 3 C B A 4 B A C 5 C B A 6 A C B 7B A C 8C A B 9 B C A
Our thinking influences our feelings So to change our feelings…? Cognitive Therapies
Kinda like it sounds Group and Family therapies
Research Meta-Analysis Regression toward the mean Psychotherapy’s effectiveness
Eye-movement Bee stings Trepanation Light Exposure Alternative Therapies
Hope Perspective Trusting, caring relationship Commonalities Among Therapies
Antipsychotic drugs Calmed patients Block dopamine receptor sites (an excess of dopamine is related to schizophrenia) Drug Therapies
Antianxiety drugs Depress nervous system activity Xanax
Antidepressant drugs Increase serotonin Used to treat anxiety as well as depression Aerobic exercise is usually as effective
Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) Has brutal reputation but does work, especially in treating depression Results in seizures and short-term memory loss Brain Stimulation
Lobotomy Surgery
Incidences of mental illness have been increasing. Is society to blame? Prevention of Psychological Disorders