SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology1 WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology2 What is speech production? (From Titze)

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology3  What is anatomy?  What is physiology?  Why study these two disciplines together?

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology4 Anatomy: scope of discipline 1. Systemic 2. Regional/topographical 3. Clinical/applied 4. Radiologic 5. Microscopic 6. Developmental/embryology 7. Pathologic 8. Comparative 9. Anthropological

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology5 Systemic anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology6 Regional/topographical anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology7 Clinical/applied anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology8 Clinical/applied anatomy Example from communication disorders

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology9 Radiologic anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology10 Radiologic Anatomy: Example from Communication Disorders

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology11 Developmental anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology12 Developmental Anatomy: Example from Communication Disorders

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology13 Pathologic anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology14 Pathological Anatomy: Example from Communication Disorders

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology15 Microscopic anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology16 Microscopic Anatomy: Example from Communication Disorders Vocal noduleNormal Vocal Fold

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology17 Comparative anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology18 Anthropological anatomy

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology19 Physiology: scope of discipline  Cellular physiology  Systems physiology  Pathophysiology

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology20 The “language” of anatomy  Technical terminology  Frame of Reference/Coordinate systems Spherical/polar coordinate system Cartesian coordinate system  Anatomical relations

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology21 Reference Planes

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology22 Reference Planes

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology23 Anatomical Relations  Ventral (Anterior) vs. Dorsal (Posterior)  Superficial (External) vs. Deep (Internal)  Superior vs. Inferior  Rostral (Cranial) vs. Caudal  Medial vs. Lateral  Proximal vs. Distal  Central vs. Peripheral  Dextral vs. Sinistral

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology24 General Anatomical Terms

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology25 Levels of Anatomical Organization  Atoms/Molecules/Ions  Cells  Tissue  Organs/Tissue aggregates  Systems  Organism

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology26 Atoms/Molecules/Ions

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology27 The Cell

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology28 Tissue  Epithelial Tissue  Connective Tissue  Muscle Tissue  Nervous Tissue

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology29 Epithelial Tissue  Epithelial Tissue Proper  Endothelial  Mesothelial

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology30 Connective Tissue  Loose Connective Tissue Areolar tissue, Adipose tissue (FAT)  Dense Connective Tissue Tendons Ligaments Fascia  Special Connective Tissue Cartilage Bone  Vascular Tissue Blood Lymphatic tissue

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology31 Muscle Tissue  Striated Muscle  Smooth Muscle  Cardiac Muscle

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology32 Nervous Tissue  Used for “bodily communication”

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology33 Organs/Tissue Aggregates Examples…  Heart, lungs, liver  Muscle-muscle tissue+connective tissue  Joints-variety of connective tissue

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology34 Bodily Systems  Skeletal System bones & cartilage  Articular System Joints and ligaments  Muscular System Muscles and tendons  Nervous System Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and sense organs  Respiratory System Air passages and lungs  Digestive System Gastrointestinal tract and associated glands/organs  Circulatory/Vascular System Heart, blood vessels, blood and lymphatic system  Reproductive System Genital tracts  Endocrine System Ductless glands of the body  Urinary System Kidneys and urinary passages  Integumentary System Skin, nails and hair A bodily system is complex organism-wide functional arrangements of organs/tissue aggregates

SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology35 Circulatory System

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SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology38 Identification of blood vessels