Chapter 5 Socialization Key Terms

Socialization The processes whereby we learn to behave according to the norms of our culture. Id According to Freud, the part of the human personality from which all innate drives arise.

Superego According to Freud, the part of the human personality that internalizes the moral codes of adults. Ego According to Freud, the part of the human personality that is the individual’s conception of himself or herself in relation to others.

Behaviorism A theory stating that all behavior is learned and that this learning occurs through the process known as conditioning. Conditioning The shaping of behavior through reward and punishment.

Feral child A child reared outside human society. Role taking Trying to look at social situations from the standpoint of another person from whom one seeks a response.

Significant other Any person who is important to an individual. Generalized other A person’s internalized conception of the expectations and attitudes held by society.

Agencies of socialization The groups of people, along with the interactions that occur within those groups, that influence a person’s social development. Agents of socialization Individuals who socialize others.

Anticipatory socialization Socialization that prepares an individual for a role that he or she is likely to assume later in life. Peer group An interacting group of people of about the same age that has a significant influence on the norms and values of its members.

Resocialization Intense, deliberate socialization designed to change major beliefs and behaviors. Total institution A setting in which people undergoing resocialization are isolated from the larger society under the control of a specialized staff.

Identification The social process whereby an individual chooses role models and attempts to imitate their behavior. Gender socialization The ways in which we learn our gender identity and develop according to cultural norms of masculinity and femininity.