A New United States U.S. Constitution 1787

English democratic tradition Framers of the Constitution were intelligent/schooled men limit powers Magna Carta (1215): limit the monarch’s powers & gave more power to the legislature Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights (1689) natural rights Influenced by John Locke’s theories of natural rights separating & balancing the powers …and Baron de Montesquieu's ideas of separating & balancing the powers of the gov’t Drew on thousands of years of sources & models Political developments from Greek philosophers & the Roman republic

Set-up Set-up of the Constitution Preamble (Intro) (Intro)Articles 7 7 totalAmendments Bill of Rights Bill of Rights First 10 First 10 as of 1791 Pleased Anti- federalists 27 overall

Preamble of the Constitution We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves & our posterity, do ordain & establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Preamble Goals of the Preamble union (of states) To form a more perfect union (of states) justice (protect & set the laws To establish justice (protect & set the laws) tranquility (peace at home) To ensure domestic tranquility (peace at home) defense To provide for the common defense (defend country) welfare (well-being of population) To promote the general welfare (well-being of general population) liberty To secure the blessings of liberty

The Articles 1) Legislative 1) Legislative branch 2) Executive 2) Executive branch 3) Judicial 3) Judicial branch 4) Relation between states 5) Amendment process 6) National supremacy Constitution is supreme law Constitution is “supreme law of the land” 7) Ratification

Popular Sovereignty A monarch is unconstitutional People have authority People have authority Right to alter or abolish government Examples in the Constitution: “We the people…establish this Constitution for the United States of America” House of Representatives (chosen by people) given power to raise money-bills States given right to decide on slavery (10 th Amendment)

7 Basic Principles Limited Government Avoid tyranny Gov’t has powers only in Constitution Gov’t has powers only expressed in Constitution Everyone must obey laws Everyone must obey laws Examples in the Constitution : Article 1, Section 9 – Powers denied to Congress Article 1, Section 10 – Powers denied the States 10 th Amendment – Reserved clause…powers reserved to the states

7 Basic Principles Separation of Power 3 branches of government 3 branches of government (Articles 1-3) Executive Executive: President Legislative Legislative: Congress Judicial Judicial: Courts Checks & Balances No abuse of power Each branch can limit the other Each branch can limit the other two

NationalNational StateState BOTH Enumerated Enumerated Powers Regulate trade Coin money Provide an army & navy Conduct foreign affairs Set up federal courts Concurrent Concurrent Powers Enforce the laws Establish courts Collect taxes Borrow money Provide for the general welfare Reserved Reserved Powers Regulate trade within the state Establish local gov’t systems Conduct elections Establish public schools system Federalism Division of gov’t power Federal divided from the state Federal government divided from the state 7 Basic Principles

Republicanism Republic form of government Citizens elect representatives Citizens elect representatives Example – Article 4, Section 4 – “guaranteed a republican form of government” Individual Rights Protects rights of citizens Protects rights of individual citizens

Bill of Rights the accused 5) Rights of the accused speedy trial & public 6) Right to speedy trial & public by jury 7) Jury trial 7) Jury trial in civil cases 8) Bail & punishment (Crazy 8) 9) Powers to people (mine) 9) Powers to the people (mine) 10) Powers to states 10) Powers to the states religion, assembly, press, petition, & speech (RAAPS) 1) Freedom of religion, assembly, press, petition, & speech (RAAPS) bear arms 2) Right to bear arms 3) No lodging troops 3) No lodging troops in private homes 4) Search & Seizure 10 amendments 12 amendments proposed by James Madison in 1789…10 amendments ratified by Congress on 12/15/1791 & known as Bill of Right s