Pre-Class Guided Reading: Early Civilizations

Stone Age Paleolithic Period, Mesolithic Period, and Neolithic Period about 3 million years ago

Pre-Stone Age People Eastern Africa – gathered – may have hunted

Early Achievements Stone tools and weapons Controlled fired Language Nomads: people who move place to place for survival - hunted/adapted to climates New clothing – Ice Age

1 st Agricultural Revolution 10,000 years ago – river valleys Learned to farm and domesticate animals – Food produces Effects – Permanent communities – Increased population – Development of government and religion – New technologies – Crash Course Agricultural Revolution Video Crash Course Agricultural Revolution Video

First Civilizations Highly organized group of people with their own language and way of living

Location Developed in river valleys – South Asia, East Asia, North Africa

Government Organized people for building projects – Palaces, irrigation systems Priest-Kings – Government and religion closely connected

Religion Priest-Kings – Priests alone knew ceremonies to please the god Connected to nature

Specialized Jobs Artisans – skilled craft workers – Weavers, metalworkers Merchants Traders Farmers

Social Classes 1.King 2.Priests and Nobles – owned and controlled land 3.Government Officials and Merchants 4.Farmers and Artisan – Majority 5.Slaves – Conquered people

Record Keeping System of writing – pictographs – records for taxes and religious purposes

Diffusion Inventions were borrowed, changed, and improved by other civilizations Civilizations thrived and advanced through diffusion

The World in 1300

Islamic Civilizations Spain to China Trade brings wealth to.. – Middle East – West African Kingdoms – Delhi Sultans in Northern India

China Mongols controlled trade routes (Silk Road) Chinese technology

Empires in America Aztec and Incas

Europe Fringes of trade routes – Less developed than China, Middle East, India because of limited trade and fighting

What made the Middle East, parts of West Africa, India, and China powerful by 1300? Trade – Trade brings wealth, benefits of diffusion and power

Guided Reading Answers 1.Developed better tools and weapons 2.Learned to farm and domesticate animals 3.Conditions favored farming 4.Leaders of government and believed to speak directly with gods 5.Official needed to keep records 6.Diffusion through travelers and traders 7.Controlled Trade routes to the west 8.Fringes of trade routes and fighting 9.B10. A11. C