Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism
Europe in 1919
Benito Mussolini [ ] Il Duce
Italian Fasces
Fascism 1. Dictatorship and totalitarianism 1.Strongly nationalistic 2.Strongly materialistic
Fascism Opposed to communism Can seem like communism in practice Both control people through force and censorship
Fascism Communism appeals to workers Promises society without social classes all property shared appeals to upper and middle classes promises to preserve existing social classes Promises to preserve ownership of property and restore Italian economy
March on Rome [1922]
Fascist Youth Black shirts
Corporatist State
From the German Point of View Lost—but not forgotten country. Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone: Which we have lost may not be truly lost!
Maimed German WW I Veteran
The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans
German “Revolutions” [1918]
German Freikorps
Sparticist Poster
The Spartacist League Rosa Luxemburg [ ] murdered by the Freikorps
Friedrich Ebert: First President of the Weimar Republic
The German Government:
The German Mark
The French in the Ruhr: 1923
The French Occupation of the Ruhr
The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923 National Socialist German Workers Party - Nazi Party
The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized
Hitler in Landesberg Prison
Mein Kampf [My Struggle]
European Debts to the United States
The Dawes Plan (1924)
The Young Plan (1930) For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.
Weimar Germany: Political Representation [ ] Political Parties in the Reichstag May 1924 Dec May 1928 Sep July 1932 Nov Mar Communist Party (KPD) Social Democratic Party (SDP) Catholic Centre Party (BVP) Nationalist Party (DNVP) Nazi Party (NSDAP) Other Parties
German Unemployment:
Decrease in World Trade:
German Election Results in 1933
The “New Napoleons?”