The Home Front

I. Draft A B. Over 10 million men

II. War Production Board (WPB) A. Converted peacetime industries to meet war needs B. Established rationing C. Scrap metal drives

III. Economy A. War production helped pull the economy out of the Great Depression B. 1944: U.S out-produced all other countries in the war combined

C. Labor shortage 1. Women a. Worked in manufacturing plants i. Represented by “Rosie the Riveter”

b. Allowed to join the military for the first time i. Non-combat volunteers ii. 216,000

2. Minorities given more job opportunities a. Bracero Program i. Temporary workers from Mexico ii. 50,000 per year during the war iii. Continued after the war until 1964

D. War bonds 1. How the U.S. government paid for the war 2. Purchased by citizens 3. Earned interest over time

IV. Double V Campaign A. Victory over fascism and victory over discrimination B. African Americans fought with great bravery during the war in spite of racism and segregation

1. 92nd Infantry (Buffalo Soldiers) 2. Tuskegee Airmen

V. Japanese Americans A. Executive Order Issued by President Roosevelt in Forced Japanese Americans on the West Coast to relocate to internment camps during the war 12/8/1941

a. 2 of the 10 camps were in Arizona b. 62% were U.S. citizens

3. Korematsu v. United States (1944) a. Supreme Court ruled that internment was constitutional because the national emergency outweighed Korematsu’s individual rights Hugo Black, Associate Justice 6-3 Decision

B. Japanese Americans fought in the war 1. Segregated units 2. European Theater only

442nd Regimental Combat Team 21 Medals of Honor

VI. Propaganda A. Definition: organized spreading of ideas to influence public opinion B. Used by both sides

C. Purpose: 1. Boost patriotism 2. Demonize the enemy

Propaganda Poster Perspective of the United States Colorful Creative Clear message Not graded on artistic ability but on neatness Do not copy an actual World War II design