Collective Security in Space, Paris, 15 May 2006 Polish Space Office Smaller European Countries and Space Security Jakub Ryzenko Institute of International Relations Warsaw University & Polish Space Office

Practical consequences of space security developments for smaller European countries Policy implications

Consequences of existence of: Missile defense system ASATs Space-to-Earth weapons

Space-related security goals protect own territory protect own space systems protect ability to use space systems deny space augmentation for enemy

Missile defense Limited increase of territory protection Increased freedom of political maneuver Is space component needed?

ASATs Ground combat less asymmetric

ASATs Ground combat less asymmetric Increase of risk for own space systems Negative economic consequences

Space-to-Earth weapons Increased risk of retaliation Need to seek alliances with ASAT-owners

Space security developments... … should not destabilize international relations … must not weaken transatlantic relations

Increasing of space awareness = confidence building measure and is a potential field for cooperation Space surveillance

Knowledge about and understanding of space security issues in smaller countries is very limited. Formulation of policies will most probably be a reaction to US or European initiative.