Autonomic Nervous System Period 5 Jacquelene Hanein, Karina Guerrero, Martha Kwon

Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Processing center of nervous system Receives and sends info to PNS Made up of brain and spinal cord Cannot heal itself Connects CNS to organs in body Carries signals from the CNS Made up of two different types of cells (sensory/motor nervous cells) Can heal itself

Central Nervous System Lobes and Hemispheres Brain: control system of body Forebrain: Thalamus + hypothalamus Cerebrum Cerebral Cortex

Central NS Cont. Midbrain Hindbrain 5 parts of the brain Midbrain Hindbrain Pons: connects cerebral cortex to medulla oblongata Cerebellum: motor movement coordination, balance/equilibrium, muscle tone Medulla Oblongata: controls autonomic functions like breathing, digestion, circulatory system function, swallowing, sneezing

Central NS Cont. Brainstem: connects cerebrum with spinal cord relay of motor/sensory signals between brain and spinal cord Controls life supporting autonomic functions of PNS Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System The motor nervous system can be separated into two nervous systems Autonomic nervous system Parasympathetic division Sympathetic Division Somatic nervous system Cranial Nerves: connect the upper body and head Spinal Nerves: connect the rest of the body

Reflex Arc neural pathway that controls an action reflex Reflex action occurs: involuntary, almost instantaneous sensory neurons synapse at the spinal cord Nerve impulses enter sensory neuron Impulse allows afferent neurons to connect with motor neurons to reach effectors and initiate reflex

Reflex Arc: Autonomic arc affects internal organs ex) peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle of intestines

Reflex Arc: Somatic Arc affects muscles ex) knee jerk tests that a doctor gives

In the ANS there are two neuron efferent pathways: Reflex Arc In the ANS there are two neuron efferent pathways: Preganglionic neuron has to synapse into the postganglionic neuron before stimulating the organ. Preganglionic neuron= ACh Sympathetic preganglionic neurons= shorter with more synapses than parasympathetic Postganglionic neurons= norepinephrine Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons= ACh

Organization of ANS CNS + PNS = ANS Parasympathetic neurons: sacral region in spinal cord + medulla oblongata, pons, brainstem, midbrain Sympathetic neurons: body of spinal cord

Neurotransmitters Preganglionic Neurons Both cholinergic Postganglionic Neurons Cholinergic vs Adrenergic ***some sympathetic neurons can be cholinergic (i.e. sweat glands, skin)

Receptors If Cholinergic… muscarinic receptors nicotinic receptors If Adrenergic… alpha receptor beta receptor

Termination of Neurotransmitters ACh broken down by AChE Norepinephrine deactivated by monoamine oxidase

Regulation of ANS Control centers in medulla oblongata cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory Hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, ion balance Limbic System & Cerebral Cortex emotional stress

Bibliography Klabunde, Richard E. "Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in Blood Vessels." CV Physiology:. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 23 Apr. 2014. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. Klabunde, Richard E. "Autonomic Ganglia." CV Pharmacology. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 27 Jan. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. Shier, David, Jackie Butler, and Ricki Lewis. "The Nervous System." Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology. Eleventh Edition ed. New York: McGrawHill Higher Education, 2007. Print. Upchurch, Jim. "Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System." Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System. EMS1, 12 Oct. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. "What Are Neurotransmitters?" What Are Neurotransmitters? Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp>. "Cerebral Cortex." MedicineNet. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11490>.