WHY WERE CLICKERS INVENTED? 1972—Consensor—Bill Simmons – retired IBM Executive. A need to access, evaluate, and extend classroom activities. A need for students to be active participants in their learning/lesson.

BENEFITS OF CLICKERS Improve attentiveness Increase knowledge retention Poll anonymously Track individual responses Display polling results immediately Create an interactive and fun learning environment Confirm audience understanding of key points immediately Gather data for reporting and analysis

DEVELOPMENT 1966 Hollywood used clickers to poll audiences Late 1960’s IBM used them for interactive board meetings. Rice College was one of the first colleges to use Audio response systems. Today’s use in K-12 classrooms

COMMERCIALIZATION Production Manufacturing Packaging and Marketing Distribution

REASONS for PRODUCTION and MANUFACTURING Improve Attentiveness Increase Knowledge Retention Poll Anonymously Track Individual Responses Display Polling Results Immediately Create an Interactive and Fun Learning Environment Confirm Audience Understanding of Key Points Immediately Gather Data for Reporting and Analysis

PLACES CLICKERS ARE USED Education Corporate Training Control Self-Assessment Delegate Voting Marketing Research Decision Support Game Shows (Audience Response) Conferences and Events Executive Decision Making Continuing Medical Education

PACKAGING and MARKETING Easy to store system Typically sold as classroom sets Software with a variety of functions. Test generator Prepackaged power point lessons Data analysis charts and graphs Grade book programs

I know that the “clickers” began being used in However, I can’t find any data for their diffusion.

DISTRIBUTION Internet eInstruction SMART Student Response System IRespond

References Clickers on Wikipedia Consensor and ComTec History IBM Study Proves Use of Student Response Systems Increases Attentiveness IBM Study Proves Use of Student Response Systems Increases Attentiveness The Features and Potential of Interactive Response System The Features and Potential of Interactive Response System