SPECIAL EDUCATION FRANCE VS. UNITED STATES By: Charlotte (Jenn Clarke)

ON THE AGENDA What is special education? What types of disabilities/disorders are there? What are the steps in the special education process? What are the branches of special education in France? What are the laws of special education in America? What is a special needs school? What is an IEP? What is inclusion?

What is special education? Special needs disabilities and disorders Special education is a field of education with programs designed for students who are mentally, physically, socially and/or emotionally delayed. Physical Disorders Psychiatric Disorders Emotional Problems Behavioral Problems Learning Disorders/ Disabilities

STEPS IN THE SPECIAL EDUCATION PROCESS Referral Evaluation Eligibility IEP Procedural safeguards A packet for the parents that explains the child's rights under IDEA Placement Monitoring

BRANCHES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN FRANCE The Maison Départmentale des Personnes Handicapées (MDPH) This branch evaluates a child's special needs The Commission des Droits et de l’Autonomie des Personnes Handicapées (CDAPH) This branch receives the results and creates a personalized program for the child Project personnalisé de scolaristion (PPS) The Services d’Education Spéciale et de Soins à Domicile (SESSAD) This branch deals with children and teens with mental, motor and sensory disabilities This branch provides a bridge between the traditional schooling and the extra school treatments and rehabilitation The Classes d’Intégration Scolaire (CLIS) This branch is for children with disabilities too severe for schooling in regular classes, but not requiring special facilities It is like a special class within and ordinary elementary or secondary school The Unités Pédagogiques d’Intégration (UPI) This branch accommodate children with cognitive learning disorders Children ranging in ages 12-16 Provides adapted school integration and partial participation through the teaching and activities

THE CLASSES D’INTÉGRATION SCOLAIRE (CLIS) The CLIS has 4 main categories CLIS 1 (D): Cognitive learning disorders, severe mental development limitations CLIS 2 (A): Hearing Impairment CLIS 3 (B): Visual Impairment CLIS 4 (C): Physical disability and severe motor deficiency

THE FEDERAL LAWS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1975) Intended to assist children with disabilities to achieve high standards by Promoting accountability Enhancing parental involvements Using proven practices and materials Providing more flexibility The Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973) Children covered by a 504 have less severe disabilities than those covered by IDEA Any person who has an impairment that substantially limits a major life activity is covered by a 504 A civil rights statue (1973) requires that schools not discriminate against children with disabilities and provide them with reasonable accommodations The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (1990) Is a private sector Requires all educational institutions to meet the needs of children with psychiatric disorders Prohibits the denial of educational services, programs or activities to students with disabilities Prohibits discrimination against all such students

KEY POINTS ABOUT IDEA To be eligible for IDEA a child must be in one of these categories: Serious emotional disturbance Learning disabilities Mental retardation Traumatic brain injury Autism Visual/hearing impairments Physical disabilities The 6 principles of IDEA: Zero reject Free appropriate education Least restrictive environment Non-discriminatory education Due process and procedural safeguards Technology related services

SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOOLS Specialize in teaching students with learning, behavior, mental health, medical or intellectual disabilities Each school specializes in one disability It is rare that a special needs school specializes in more than one disability The teachers and programs are designed to handle the particular needs of the children they have

WHAT IS AN IEP? An IEP is an individualized Education Plan It is a plan/program developed to ensure that a child who had a disability identified under the law is attending an elementary/secondary educational institution, receives specialized instruction and related services.

WHAT IS INCLUSION? Inclusion is the placement of disabled students with non- disabled students with appropriate services in place The more popular idea in public school

WORKS CITED Angloinfo. "Special Needs Education." n.d. http://paris.angloinfo.com/information/family/schooling- education/special-needs/. Website. Dwight, Valle. "Special needs programs and schools: a primer." 2014. http://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/special-education-special- needs-learning-disabilities/. Website. Education, European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive. https://www.european-agency.org/country- information/france/national-overview/special-needs-education-within- the-education-system. 2009. Website. Morin, Amanda. "IEP- Individualized Education Program." 2015. http://childparenting.about.com/od/schoollearning/a/IEP-Def.htm. Website. Psychiatry, American Academy of Child and Adolescent. "Services In School For Children With Special Needs: What Parents Need To Know." March 2011. http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Famili es/FFF-Guide/Services-In-School-For-Children-With-Special-Needs- What-Parents-Need-To-Know-083.aspx. Website. Teach. "What is Special Education?" n.d. http://teach.com/what-is-special- education. Website. Turchetta, Vincent. "Characteristics and Needs of Special Populations." 2014. Teacher.