Middle East

Redrawing colonial maps led to population resettlements

ReviewReview

Israel

Romans destroy the Second Temple in 70 AD The Western Wall (pictured) is all that remains of the Jewish temple.

Where are Jews Located?

1919 League of Nations gives Britain mandate over Palestine Britain had authority over Palestine until the region was ready for self-government Some said that Britain was given a “poisoned chalice” What might this mean?

“The Mandate Years” After WWI, the area had become the British mandate of Palestine. When Jewish immigration accelerated, friction was created between Jews and Palestinian Arabs After 1945, Zionists and Palestinian Arabs wanted individual nations and both felt they had claim to Palestine. Britain withdrew in 1947 and the U.N. proposed that the country be partitioned 50/50

1920s and 30s socialist Kibbutzim movement New cities such as Tel Aviv developed next to Arab Jaffa. Arab tenant farmers were often evicted from land bought by Zionists from absentee Arab landlords. 1920s and 30s socialist Kibbutzim movement New cities such as Tel Aviv developed next to Arab Jaffa. Arab tenant farmers were often evicted from land bought by Zionists from absentee Arab landlords.

Population of Palestine by religions [15] [15] YearMuslimsJewsChristiansOthers ,17783,79071,4647, ,147174,60688,90710, ,551474,102125,41312, ,076,783608,225145,06315,488 Why do you think immigration increased so dramatically in 1941? Why are the British in a difficult position? Much of the immigation to Palestine was illegal. There were Arab riots and attacks on Jews. What should the British do? What are their options?

1936 German children’s book

Illustration from a children's book. The headlines say "Jews are our misfortune" and "How the Jew cheats." Germany, 1936.

The US and many European powers tried to slow the flow of Jewish immigration to Palestine British threatened to cut immigration to a year Hagganah established an intelligence arm – Mossad – to help illegal immigrants

War of Independence or the Catastrophe? A war broke out when the Jews, certain of U.S. and Soviet support, declared their independence and the creation of a new state of Israel on May 14, When fighting ended in 1949, the Israelis had conquered more territory than had been envisioned in the U.N. plan, and the rest of the territory fell to Egypt and Jordan, rather than forming an independent Palestinian state. (see map on next slide) Palestinian Arab refugees fled to Lebanon, the West Bank, and the Gaza strip.

Results of the1948 War of Independence

Middle Eastern nations achieved independence from Europeans